PAUL: BEFORE HIS CONVERSION

PAUL'S EARLY BACKGROUND

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PAUL'S WAR AGAINST THE CHURCH

PAUL'S CONVERSION

ACTS 9:1-18 22:5-16 26:12-20 1ST COR 15:8-10 1ST TIM 1: 12-16

En route to Damascus to persecute believers, was knocked down and blinded by a heavenly light, heard and accepted Christ as Lord and Savior, was led to Damascus, He remained alone for three days, ministered to by a Damascus believer named Ananias, received his sight and preached Christ in the synagogues.

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PAUL IN HIS EARLY MINISTRY

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PAUL ON HIS SECOND MISSIONARY JOURNEY

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PAUL AND BARNABAS DISAGREE (15:36-39)
Barnabas wants John Mark to accompany them on the second trip
Paul refuses, so Barnabas and John Mark leave for Cyprus on their own.

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SOME OF PAUL AND SILAS ACCOMPLISHMENTS (15:40-18:22)

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LYSTRA: Timothy joins the team and is circumcised by Paul ACTS 16:1-5

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TROAS: Paul is forbidden by the Holy Spirit to preach in either Turkey of Bithynia,
Luke joins the team and Paul receives his Macedonian vision.
ACTS 16:6-10

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PHILIPPI; Salvation stories of a Business Woman, A Demoniac Girl, and a Prison-Keeper

ACTS 16:11-40

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THESSALONICA: The gospel in once again opposed by unbelieving Jews while Paul spends three weeks in the home of Jason

ACTS 17:1-9

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BEREA: Paul finds a group of devout Bible loves before being forced to fee because of Jewish troublemakers.

ACTS 17:10-14

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ATHENS: Timothy and Silas joins Paul in Athens where Paul preaches his famous sermon on Mars' Hill. "THE UNKNOWN GOD"

1. God is the Creator of all things (17:24-29)
2. God is the Savior of all things (17:30)
3. God is the Judge of all things (17:31)

RESULT OF HIS MESSAGE

Some mocked (17:32)
Some delayed (17:32)
Some believed (17:34)

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CORINTH: Paul meets a Christian tentmaker couple, Aquila and Priscilla, Silas and Timothy rejoin him now.

Paul states the second time his intention to go to the Gentiles (18:6)

Chief ruler of the synagogue Crispus is saved.

Paul: His Final visist to Jerusalem

Acts 01

Witness:  The Greek word “martus” appears 29 times in the New Testament. It is translated Witness 29 times, Martyr 3 and Record 2.  The context in most cases indicate that we should understand the word witness for what it is, a witness. In a few cases regarding Paul in the last chapters of Acts it could be either witness or martyr, but the King James  appears to translate correctly as “witness”.

The Gospels finish the Old Testament  re. Christ. Acts is the bridge to the New.

v1. The former treatise  See Luke 1:1-4. Acts is the second volume of a two volume book, Luke-Acts. The Gospel of Luke is what Jesus began to do and teach. Acts is what He continued through the Holy Spirit. “I” Luke, a Gentile believer and physician and traveling companion of Paul is considered the author. In col. 4:14, 2 Tim. 4:11, Philemon. 24, he is consistently mentioned and the numerous “we” or “us” in Acts contribute to the thought(Acts 16:10-17; 20:5-21; and 27:1-28:16). Some of his sources of material were undoubtedly written, some from visits with Apostles and others in Jerusalem, and much first hand from Paul. It is not “Acts of the Apostles” generally, but primarily of Paul and Peter showing the extension of the church through the northern Mediterranean to Rome.
”Theophilus” or “Most excellent Theophilus” of Luke 1:3 denotes an official or nobility. (Some think a Gentile governor of Syria or a high priest that became a Christian.) Perhaps a former pagan believer and originally written for his benefit, but millions of us have since been enlightened and blessed by these words. All Jesus began to do and teach.  In John 19:30 Jesus said “It is finished”. The work of redemption He had come to do was finished, but the work of evangelizing the world and teaching God’s Word had scarcely begun. In Col. 1:24 Paul felt obligated to fill up on his own part what Christ was unable to do, not in redemption, but in teaching etc., because this ministry of His terminated at His death.

v2. Until the day in ‘which He was taken up.  Perhaps better to say His teaching was interrupted at His death and terminated at His resurrection. His healing ministry apparently ended at His death. We have several records of his appearances after He arose, but little detail. Undoubtedly He gave concentrated teaching to the disciples in that remaining bit of time.
Through the Holy Ghost.  This mention of the Holy Ghost is a reminder that Acts might better be named “The Acts of the Holy Ghost”. The growth of the church is His work that is continuing in our own midst. Chosen.  In a different sense, we too are chosen.

ACTS 1: 3-8 LUKE 24:44-49 JESUS' FINAL APPEARANCE IN JERUSALEM

v3. Many infallible proofs. This is not hearsay. The lies the soldiers were paid to tell about his body did not hold. Untold numbers saw the risen Lord, proven beyond any doubt:
a. He walked and talked with them
b. He ate and drank with them.
c. He repeatedly showed wounds in hands feet and side.
d. He frequently appeared to many over 40 days. (only a few recorded.)
Kingdom of God. There are similarities and overlapping features in the Kingdom of God and the Kingdom of Heaven. However in general, the Kingdom of God is made up only of believers and angelic beings willingly subject to God, whereas the Kingdom of Heaven includes both the saved as well as those who merely profess to be Christians. The Kingdom of Heaven is within the earthy sphere of the Kingdom of God. Much of the teaching concerned the Kingdom (Not just Messianic Kingdom, but all Kingdom of God.) These teachings were passed on to Ephesian elders by the disciples; Philip, Acts 8:12, Paul Acts 20:25 etc.

v4. Wait for the promise.  Lk. 24:49 & Jn. 14:16. See Joel 2:28 & Ezk. 36:27. Previously He asked them to watch and pray that they enter not into temptation, but they slept. Now He commands them to wait, but now (v14) they see the need of prayer.
They had been commanded to go into Galilee to meet Jesus, Mk. 16:7, which they did. Now they are commanded to go back to Jerusalem and wait. In v 6 they have returned to Jerusalem.  

v5. Baptize with water vs. Holy Ghost.  Many teachings of the Holy Spirit are now to be fulfilled. In Matt. 3:11 John was merely preparing the way for Christ. But through the Holy Ghost, Jn. 14:12, we will be doing greater works even than Christ. Christ breathed the Spirit on them, Jn. 20:22, as prelude to outpouring, cp. Joel 2:28. Now we are baptized, or placed, into the body of Christ , Rom. 6:3, by the Holy Ghost the moment we receive Him as Savior.

v6. Restore the kingdom to Israel.  “When?” is a natural response to his past teachings. Jews thought of the Kingdom of God as an earthly political kingdom. (Remember the Triumphal entry.) After all his teaching, the disciples still found it difficult to think of a kingdom of spiritual power instead of earthly splendor.

v7. It is not for you to know.  He doesn’t rebuke them, just tells them it is not for them to know. See Mk. 13:32. What God has reserved for Himself let us leave to Him. We are to be concerned with obeying His will for today. The actual earthly kingdom will be preceded by the rapture, tribulation, Armageddon etc.

ACT 1:8; MARK 16:19-20 LUKE 24:44-53 JESUS ASCENSION

v8. Receive power. Previously powerless to stay awake and pray, powerless to understand, powerless from denying Christ - now to be powerful witnesses. (Witness is word for martyr. Tell the truth unto the death.) Jerusalem etc.  Witnessing began to Jerusalem Acts. 2:1, to Judea & Samaria, Acts 8:5, to uttermost part of the earth,  Acts 8:26. (Town, State, Worldwide.)

v9. Cloud received Him. Mt. 24:30; 1 Thess. 4:17 and Rev 1:7 seem to be clouds in the sky, but considering the Old Testament, this is probably not just mist, but the Shekinah glory cloud. In heaven he is still in His resurrection body. The nail prints will still show in His resurrected body. Our bodies will not show scars because we  are not resurrected in the same body but in new bodies, 1 Cor. 15:35-50.

v10. Looked steadfastly toward heaven. As you may watch an airplane disappear with a loved one and the empty feeling you have. Two men. Angels even in white apparel appear in masculine form, men.

v11. Ye men of Galilee.  They were reminded that for all their experiences, they were still just unlearned men (and women) of Galilee, yet chosen to serve the Lord. We too have no place for personal pride in serving the Lord. Gazing.  Wasted and idle frustration, as watching for that plane that is gone.So come in like manner.   This has been the blessed hope of the believer ever since. The second stage, coming in glory, particularly affects Israel and the world system.  Does not need to be a cloudy day. It might be cloudy over the mount of Olives but sunny elsewhere. Comment v9 on Shekinah glory cloud.

v12. Sabbath days journey, 1/2 to 3/4 mile.

v13-14 In return to Jerusalem and the upper room to wait for the Spirit, one fact stands out, v14. They were with one accord in prayer and supplication. Cp. 2:1, 46; 4:24; 5:12; 15:25 with selfishness of Mk. 10:35-37. Incidentally, upper rooms were large, lower rooms were small to support the upper room.

v15. The 120 included disciples, women, Jesus’ family and others. There were obviously many believers who were not present.

v16. Peter attributes the Psalms to the Holy Spirit.

v17-22. Judas hanged himself, may have suffered a fatal rupture, or probably the rope broke and he fell below. Peter explains need of 12th Apostle (Mt. 19:28 and Rev. 21:14. Sit on 12 thrones in the kingdom.) and requirement  “to have walked with Jesus from time of John’s baptism of Jesus till his resurrection. Paul could not meet this, though much was revealed to him through vision. The twelve had a ministry to the entire Jewish nation, and only after their final rejection at Stephen's death was Paul called to go to the Gentiles.

v23-26. They had prayed, v14, before nominating these two. The lot  fell.  Lot or urn. The method included two urns. One had both names, one had the office and a blank. Drew (or shook in urn and the first to fall out) from both urns at the same time to determine outcome. Not our method today, but God respected it at that time.  It is some times suggested that this should have gone to the Apostle Paul. He did have direct revelation from God, but had not physically walked with Jesus during His ministry.

Acts 02

v1. Day of Pentecost.  Meaning fifty days. The Jews observed the Feast of the Passover on the 14th day of the first month. A remembrance of the original passover in Egypt, it was  a type of redemption by the blood of Christ, the Lamb of God, who died at about the time the evening sacrifice was being offered at the temple. (The Paschal lamb would have been offered the day before on Thursday. Christ would not have celebrated the Passover a day early.) The Feast of Unleavened Bread was the 15th (on the next day which was the Sabbath). Children searched the house to make sure there was no leaven present.  The lack of leaven (sin) typified the holy walk which should immediately follow redemption. The next day,16th, was the day after Sabbath or the Lords Day, was the Feast of the First Fruits in which the first fruits of the harvest were offered, a sheaf of barley waved before the Lord. This is type of resurrection, Christ being the firstfruits of the dead. Other dead in Christ will make up the harvest. Fifty days after the Feast of First Fruits was the Feast of Pentecost, again day after Sabbath, or the Lords Day, and celebrated the ingathering, or completion of the barley harvest. (See Unger’s Bible Dictionary for interesting details of these ceremonies.) This time loaves were to be offered which contained leaven, because they typified the union of Jews and Gentiles as believers, in which the leaven of sin still abides. Thus fifty days after the resurrection of Christ, the Day of Pentecost, instead of many “grains” we find a “loaf” formed as the disciples of the Lord were baptized into one “loaf” or body by the Holy Spirit. In the same day (v41) 3000 more souls are united to that body. Was fully come.  The day began at sunset, but now night had passed and it was well into daylight hours. With one accord.  See 1:14 and 2:46. Cp. Mark 10:35-37. Harmony instead of division because of prayer.

v2. As of a rushing mighty wind.  Not a wind, but the sound of a wind. Not a gradual build up but “suddenly” as with a thunderclap. Many times the Lord used a wind to draw attention  to what he was about to do or say. Filled the house, probably one near the temple. An unusual phenomena. No wind about the town, but the noise issued from the house attracting many to come and see. (Ilus. Noise coming from thrill building and heard over fairground drawing people.

v3. Cloven tongues like as of fire.  Again, not fire, but appeared like fire. A bright light with tongues like flames that reached out and sat upon each of them simultaneously. (Ilus. Electrical charges flashing around human body at Science Center exhibition.) The Lord many times used fire to make his point. Sometimes a consuming fire which burned sacrifices, other times he appeared in fire such as to Moses, yet the bush was not consumed. Some say this is a fulfillment of Luke 3:16, but the context there is that the fire is judgment on those in contrast  who reject Messiah and are burned (v17). At any rate, light is a form of power, and this bright light dramatized the great power of the Holy Spirit resting upon each one simultaneously. It divided and gave diversities of gifts, and yet they were with one accord.

v4. Filled with the Holy Ghost. The Holy Spirit’s relation to believers:
a. He Regenerates Jn. 3:3-6; Eph. 5:26,27; Titus 3:5.
b. He Baptizes into the body of Christ Jn. 1:32-34; 1 Corinthians 12:122,13. This happens at time of regeneration.
c. He Indwells. 1 Cor. 6:15-19 Takes permanent residence at  time of regeneration.
d. He Seals  Eph. 1:13,14 (He is the signet or pledge of the everlasting inheritance.
(1) He gives assurance Rom. 8:14-16. He witnesses to the fact of the Sonship of the believer.)
(2) He strengthens Eph. 3:16 (The results of this strengthening are seen in v17-19).
(3) He comforts Jn. 14:16  Plus various other help He gives.
e. He Infills.  Eph. 5:18-20 One baptism, many fillings, no long search necessary.
(1) Requirements: (a) Complete yieldedness of life.
(b) A definite appropriation of faith
(2) Filling is controlled Eph. 5:18
(a) Be drunk (permeated with wine until you are not under your own control but under control of alcohol)  not with wine, but the Holy Spirit. Completely filled, a glass of water with one small grain of sand is not completely filled with water.
(b) Be filled.  (Constantly being filled) A command. Not to be is sin.
(c) We can loose that filling. None of the Holy Spirit leaves us, it is the power, the control over our live that leaves.
(d) Automatic plan.  We do not have to ask the Lord to be filled, but the Spirit acts on us filling us. A moment by moment experience. If we sin we should immediately confess it so we are not grieving the Holy Spirit and He can fill us. Lack of prayer and bible reading grieves and limits His control.
(e) No exceptions. Every person; every part of our lives.
v4. Begin to speak with other tongues.  They began to speak in foreign languages. These Galileans with no language training suddenly spoke fluently in 15 or more other languages. The purpose, to tell those people the gospel story. This was God’s method to get the gospel quickly to all parts of the world. Today’s missionaries spend months to years studying the language of the people they hope to deal with. But here, thousands gathered at the sound of the gale to see what was going on, and through these messages in native tongues, not just Peter’s preaching, 3000 souls found Christ as their savior that day.

Note, The Spirit gave them utterance, not just to speak the language, but the very words of the gospel to utter.
During the transitional period while the Church was having it’s beginning, in order that the gospel might go out rapidly and it’s ministers could show proof that they were being moved by the Spirit of the Lord, the Lord used talking in tongues (foreign languages), healings and miracles. It began to be abused and in 1 Cor. 14, rules had to be laid down for those who were still talking in tongues. However those ceased as the Church became established and are not the Lord’s normal way of dealing with people today. Generally speaking, tongues today are not by the Holy Spirit, but are by the evil spirit or by the human spirit. Now even Pentecostals study the language before going to a foreign mission field.
v6. Own language.  According to Jewish tradition, at the giving of Law at Sinai, this anniversary date, all nations heard God in their own language. If so, that would be hearing. In Acts it was a matter of speaking in the language, which is why (v13-15) some people thought the speakers were drunk. Order for talking in tongues is given in 1 Cor. 14. (Ilus. Missionary from Germany heard tongues speaker saying “Shut up”. This would not have happened if an interpreter were there to stop the person.

v14. Apostolic preaching pattern:
a. Narrative of public ministry and passion of Jesus
b. Witnessing and divine proof of his Messiaship in resurrection
c. Old Testament proofs of Jesus the Messiah
d. An exhortation to repentance and faith

v15. To refute charge, most didn’t eat or drink till the third hour [9:00 AM] , the time of the morning sacrifice, and at festival time such as Pentecost, not till high noon.

v16-21. See Joel 2:28-32. This is partial fulfillment, the rest to be fulfilled when Christ sets up Kingdom.

v22-24. The resurrection is a basic doctrine. Though Christ was crucified, God’s plan was not frustrated but fulfilled.

v25-36 Messianic proofs from David.

v37. Holy Spirit conviction of sin. Desperate “What shall we do?”

v38 . Repentance; Realization that one is a lost sinner and Christ is his only savior. Repentance results in the remission of sins. Baptism as sign (outwardly) of what has taken place inwardly.

v40. Though doomed as a nation, individuals could separate themselves out from Israel and be set aside for Christ in his Church by believing.

v41. Baptism for these people meant they were positively identifying themselves as followers of Christ with these “radicals”.

v42. Follow up work and prayer. The breaking of bread may have included the Lord’s Table and a common meal but it did not seem appropriate to partake of this Christian activity in the temple.

v43. “Things happen” when there is revival

v44. Voluntary sharing, not communism. It was to glorify God, helped for all no matter how needy in this crucial time to get the gospel promoted. However it is not adaptable nor was it used elsewhere. In fact other churches, probably in equal dearth, sent much aid to the Jerusalem church. We are to look for the imminent return of Christ, but don’t sell all and do as they do, or we too might have to be recipients of aid.

v46. House to house.  Cottage prayer meetings. They also continued meeting together in the temple courts and at first v47, had favor with the people.

v 47b. Not just Peter’s sermons, but many unknown faithful witnesses reached them.

Acts 03

v1. A definite time and place for prayer.  Without both, you may do without both. Specific times for prayer at the temple were 9 AM, 12 noon and, as here, 3 PM.

v2. Carried to gate Beautiful, the eastern gate that led from the court of the Gentiles to the women’s court. We should bring others to where they can hear the gospel. He was completely helpless, just like a lost sinner in his sins.

v3-6. Asked merely alms, but got more than he expected. God abundantly supplies, but in many things we have not because we ask not, James 4:2.

v7. In taking his hand he was giving extra encouragement. (Offer to walk the aisle with an unsaved friend).

v8. Both physical and spiritual healing bring forth praise. In this case they ministered to a physical need first, the spiritual following immediately. This balance must be closely watched on all areas of missionary service. Sometimes a burden must be dealt with before any interest can be shown spiritually. But some missions are almost full time ministering to physical and social needs, not really getting down to spiritual problems. Beware also of “Rice Christians”.

v9-11. A changed life attracts attention of all who knew him and resulted in others coming to hear the Word.  (The porch in front of the temple was 20 cubits wide and 10 feet deep with two large pillars.)

v12. Peter seized such opportunities to witness. He disclaimed any credit for himself (v16). Faithful servants of the Lord point people to Christ and are careful to avoid exalting self.

v13-15. The people ---delivered up, denied and killed.
(But he suffered under Pontius Pilate, and our sins put Him there.)
The Lord ----raised him up from the dead.
The Apostles ----were witnesses.

v16. He only asked alms. It was the Apostle’s faith.

v17. They denied and killed Christ ignorantly, but the prophets had clearly told of him - they were without excuse.

v19. Repent.  Part of the early success of preaching lay in the fact these people had so recently taken part in this murderous action and were “pricked in their hearts” (Acts 2”37) . This is why Rom. 3:23 is frequently used in dealing with the lost, to point out their sinful condition - this must precede salvation.

v19-21. Some of this speaks nationally to the Jews concerning Christ’s coming to set up His Kingdom. Individually they could be saved. Nationally, if they had accepted Christ, the time of refreshing, the Millennium, could have been ushered in then. God knew they would reject, so the Church Age, unknown to Old Testament prophets, was ushered in instead.

v22. See Deut. 18:15-19. Moses prophesied of Christ.

v23. Christ, like Moses, will not only deliver but judge.

v24.  A pretty good biography of Christ could be written just from all Old Testament prophesies.

v25. Of course the Jews are blessed as descendants of Abraham, but through his seed, Christ, the Gentiles also are blessed.

v26. To Jew  first, then the Gentiles. Rom. 1:16; Acts 13:46,47.

Acts 04

v1-3. Peter and John had gone to pray about 3:00 P.M. (v1), stopped to heal a man, a crowd gathered (v11), and Peter used the occasion to preach a sermon. This was interrupted by Jewish leaders a few minutes or hours later (eventide v3, anytime after 3 PM). This was the beginning of the first persecution of the church. We might notice the sore spot, they were preaching, v2, Christ’s resurrection from dead. Modernists today are still claiming Christ’s bones will be found in an Oriental tomb.

v4. They  broke up the service, but they couldn’t keep people from being saved. The apostles were bound, but the Word of God was not bound, 2 Tim. 2:9. Total men now 5000. Did this include women and children?

v5-7. Full gathering of “big wheels”. The Sanhedrin was the Jewish supreme court and administrative body consisting of 71 members including the high priest, and was mostly Sadducees.

v7. Implication, “Do you plead guilty or innocent of supporting this insurrectionist, Jesus Christ, whom the law had condemned and was therefore crucified?”

v8. A very courteous recognition by Peter.

v9. Politely noted the “good deed” to the cripple as causing the question.

v10. Then bold, clear cut, uncompromising answer to the charges. No defense! The crucified and risen Christ had done it.

v11-12. Peter quoted from Psalm 118:22, the stone which the builders rejected, to point out their rejection of Christ, their only hope.

v13. “Unlearned”, not stupid. Preachers without Degrees. Contrast Paul-Gamaliel.

v15. On the spot, the council went into secret executive session. Luke may have heard of the proceedings from some one like Nicodemus.

v16-18. They couldn’t deny what all Jerusalem knew, so they tried to muzzle.

v19,20. Proper citizenship recognizes authority of state, Rom. 13:1-7,  but if outright conflict between state and God, we must obey God, we must continue to witness for Christ.  (This was an issue in the American Revolution.)

v23-31. They didn’t return and gripe and complain about being persecuted. They just reported what had happened and started praising God. They recognized the persecution which was prophesied by David in Ps. 2. They further prayed for more boldness to preach, a prayer we might well pray - but not unless we mean it. Neither does this mean carrying a chip on our shoulder. They also prayed to be able to perform miracles, signs and wonders in the name of Jesus, which was proper in this transitional stage of the Church. We too have seen miraculous answers to prayer by God’s mercies, but not in the context of needing a sign to confirm the gospel.

v32. Compare v24, ( also 2:1; 1:14; 2:46, 5:12) where they are with one accord.

v33-37. Continuation of voluntary common pool, not Communism. They probably expected Christ to return in their life time. (illus. of my Christian friend who thought Christ would return in the ‘80s and mortgaged everything so “The unsaved won’t get it all after the rapture.” He lost his land.)  Noteworthy that Barnabas, a Levite was among the number. Levites did not have an inheritance in Israel but were not prohibited from owning property, Deut. 18:8. Jeremiah bought land, Jer. 32:6-15. Also, Barnabas, being from Cyprus, may have owned land there.

Acts 05

v1-10. But. This indicates a contrast. In 4:36,37. Barnabas had, though a Levite, obviously given first himself - then his money. Contrast Ananias who connived with his wife and in pretense gave all, but had actually appropriated some for themselves. They had not first given themselves to God. Their sin was not giving only a part, that was their business. Sin was their hypocrisy and lie. Peter did not condemn them and cause their death. He merely had illumination of Holy Spirit of their sin and impending death, Divinely caused. God’s judgment on Christians, 1 Cor,11:26-32. God’s warning to the new Church as he warned Israel in the new land by Achan. Most burials were on the day of death due to the warm climate, as well as anyone touching or in the house with a dead body was unclean seven days.

v11. Obviously struck fear on all that God would severely judge a “small” lie.

v12-14. By common consent they continued meeting at the temple. Sometimes after someone is saved they continue in their modernistic church for a while, but eventually become miserable in it or are made unwelcome if they really take a strong stand. These people were so “different” (and after God’s harsh judgment), other temple worshipers feared joining with them, but those who really were born again were willing to risk persecution, ridicule etc. and identify with them and the Lord. (How about us?)

v1516. Not said that Peter’s shadow healed them. Healed by their faith in coming.

v17,18. The Sadducees who didn’t believe in resurrection could not stand it that all the people who came were healed in the name of the one who was resurrected. This begins record of the second persecution (Not Roman,12:1,2,  but temple officials).

v19-25. This time it was God’s will for an angel to open the prison doors and command them to preach. The Lord does each circumstance differently. What a shock to the council as they sedately and self righteously met to humiliate these men, only to be humiliated themselves to learn they were loose and preaching in another part of the same temple area.

v26,27. This was the high point of public acceptance and the rulers had to act with great care or the persecution would back lash upon themselves.

v28. The Jewish leaders own mouths condemned them, Matt. 27.25, “His blood be on us, and on our children”. Here actually was their concern, their wickedness exposed. They use the pronoun, this, twice rather than pronounce the hated name of Jesus. Jews have paid in persecution throughout the years, but the Holocaust etc. did not expiate them for their sin, as some claim. To be a sacrifice, they would have to have been perfect, individually and nationally. 

v29. No defense, determined to obey God.

v30-32. Peter pulled no punches, but as in 4:10. bluntly charged them with murdering the Son of God whom God raised, Disciples and Holy Ghost both being witnesses. v31 as in 4:12 pronounces Christ the Savior of Israel.

v33. Leaders could answer nothing but were convicted and intensely angered. The people were pricked in their hearts, but these were cut to their hard hearts. The same sun that melts wax, hardens clay.

v34-39,Gamaliel, Paul’s teacher, should have known definitely the truth of Christ, but, v38 and 39, was neutral. His advice was good to a point, but neutrality, Lk. 11;23, put him against God. This series warn us as churches not to place our trust in man.

v40-42. Persecution revealed the continuing national rejection of Christ as the Messiah. This was first instance of physical violence upon Christians and they rejoiced, not griped. They obeyed Acts 20:20, teaching publicly from house to house.

Acts 06

v1. Maybe 10,000 believers, plus or minus women and children. The Hellenist Jews from other countries spoke their own language and Greek. National Jews spoke Aramaic and Greek and discriminated against the others. (illus. Louisiana lady spoke of our “strange accent”). Unfortunately, by design or chance, this carried over in the church. Compare churches that don’t accept blacks. Imagine 12 men handing out the common dole of food or funds to a city the size of Creston daily.

v2. It is embarrassing to discuss the number of pastors violating this principal by trying to run everything in the church instead of allowing those properly responsible to do it. Also those over involved in tinkering with everyone’s cars or other tasks when not financially or spiritually needed.

v3. Seven men by Jewish tradition managed public affairs. Much as we Baptists hate to admit it, these men are nowhere in Scripture called “Deacons”, though the root word implies service and deacons serve. In Acts 21:8 they are still called “the seven”. These held a temporary position for the specific period of need. Temporary because of the communal nature at Jerusalem. They however illustrate the role and function of later deacons.

v4. The primary function of pastors recognized.

v5. All these men have Greek names, but many Jews had both. It was wise to put at least some Greeks in charge of their own group which had been slighted. Only Stephen and Philip are mentioned again. Nicholas was even a Gentile convert. Note that these men were already full of the Spirit, it was not the result of laying on of hands in v 6. Any Christian fully surrendered to the Lord is filled with the Spirit.

v6. a. Apostles gave the qualifications, v3
(1)Full of Holy Spirit    (2) & wisdom    (3) Of good reputation
b. Congregation made the choice
c. Apostles laid on hands, ordaining them for service

v7. Action was effective and church continued growth. Many priests believed and joined, ruining their careers. Consider tradition: Nicodemus (Ben Gurion) was a brother of Josephus and one of the three richest men in Jerusalem. After being baptized by Peter he was cast out of the Sanhedrin for his beliefs. In the persecutions He lost all, and his daughter was seen gathering barley corn from horse dung. 
Joseph of Arimathaea was one of the three richest Jews in Jerusalem, but after persecution, his daughter was seen picking up barley corn from behind the horses.

v8. Stephen’s miracles and influence incurred wrath of Judaism. In addition to his daily duties, preached in Libertine synagogue.

v9. Libertines, freed slaves, had their own synagogue. (Remember, there had to be at least ten Jewish men to have a synagogue. In some cases ten men were hired to be there each Sabbath.) Four areas, point of Africa southwest of Crete, Alexandria in Egypt, western Asia (near Ephesus) and Cilicia (Tarsus area) in opposition.

v10. Stephen a fluent debater empowered by the Holy Spirit.

v11-14.  As with Jesus, false witnesses misunderstood and misrepresented what he stated. He probably had mentioned before the same Council, coming destruction of Jerusalem and the law fulfilled in Christ.

15. A pure, holy look, or possibly his face shone as Moses did.

Acts 07

V1. Are what “things so”? Charges of false witnesses in 6:11-14.
a. Speaking blasphemously against Moses, v11.
(The Christian dispensation is superior to that of Moses.)
b. Speaking blasphemously against God, v11.
(The Gospel was designed to supersede Judaism.)
c. Blasphemy against the temple and the law, v13.
(The law was unavailing as source of justification.)
d. Jesus would destroy temple and change customs of Moses, v14.
(Henceforth true worship would be acceptable anywhere.)
These were radical charges which 6:12 tells us “Stirred up the people”. Compare 5:26 and 4:21. For the first time, Christians faced a hostile populace.  

v2. Stephen was a powerhouse for God even before his appointment, but he continues in power. In this verse he began to preach of the glory of God, and in v 55 he enters that glory. The defense. Jewish law demanded a fair trial with 2 or 3 witnesses etc., but this was as much mockery as a typical communist trial. The real issue was not innocence vs. guilty, but recant or be condemned. He began defense with history of Israel, Something any Israelite was proud of and would listen to. Any ages or numbers that seem contradictory to us, they understood and accepted. His motive was barely discernible at first, but as the application became obvious, they increased in bitterness.

v2-22 To begin showing Israel’s rejection of God, he comments on Abraham’s moves from Ur to Haran to Canaan and moving of Jacob's family from Canaan to Egypt. Stephen was emphasizing obedience to God, suggesting that Israel’s history was built on divinely ordained changes, leading up to the present Grace and gospel being a holy change from the Law, and they should likewise obey.

v35. In referring to Moses whom Israelites at first rejected, though he was really their only hope, he points to Christ, the only hope of these people who had also rejected Him, v52.

v37. Compare 3:22 and Deut. 18:15, Moses prophesy of Christ.

V44-50. Here he has turned his defense to the charges concerning the temple. The law, tabernacle and temple in themselves did not provide salvation, but were a symbol of the One who did. He is trying to tell them the temple has served it’s purpose and what god wants is obedience, Ps. 51:17. This “attack” upon the temple raised a furor apparently, as he abruptly ended his defense, v50.

v51-53. Probably had to raise his voice to be heard and forced to conclude with a few words aimed directly at the wickedness of theirs people. Not a part of his defense, but a hard hitting attack on sin.
Compounding their guilt was the fact that the law they disobeyed was given by disposition of 10,000s of angels (saints) or chariots of fire (2 Ki. 6:17, and the Lord among them as at Sinai, Ps. 78:16) by which the Lord came in brightness like the sun, illuminating distant Mt Seir of Edom and Mt Paran of Ishmael. They were not in the mood to receive the Lord, so His favor rested on Israel, Deut.33:2. The law was “fiery” because it came in the midst of fire and works like fire or hammer, Jer 23:29. Giving of the law was accompanied by thunder, lightning, cloud, smoke, fire, quake and increasingly loud trumpet, Ex. 19:16-19; It was ordained by angels, Gal. 3:19 and spoken by angels, Heb. 2:2.
The Law was given by angels and trumpets, Gospel by Holy Spirit and tongues.

v54. The prisoner, telling them they were resisting God, through them into  a rage.

v55,56. This calm pronouncement of seeing Christ with God completed their infuriation.

v58. Ironically, taken outside the city so his blood would not pollute their “holy” city according to Lev. 24:14. Note also the beginning of Saul’s persecuting Christians.

v59. No selfish plea for deliverance, but prayer of mercy for those who were worse of, really, than he was, and who already had great penalty of guilt without this being added.
Summary of purpose:
Christ offered the Kingdom and was rejected.
Peter promises, Acts 3:12-26, that the lord would yet return if the people repented and received him. (v19. When the times of refreshing shall come from the presence of the Lord is literally, “so that” it shall come.) The disciples had asked, “Wilt thou at this time restore the kingdom to Israel?” The Lord could  have returned in Peter’s day if the people had received Him.
In Chapter 7, the miracles, message an martyrdom of Stephen are the final trial and indictment of the nation. Stephen showed the persistent refusal of the nation to obey God. The miracles and witness of the Apostles were unmistakable. Stephen charged them as “stiff-necked and uncircumcised in heart and ears ... ye do always resist the Holy Ghost.” His martyrdom marks the official rejection of the renewed offer of the kingdom. Traditionally, over 2000 more believers were slain after Stephen’s death. The persecutors were like an animal, crazed with the taste of blood.
Then chapter 8 tells that because of this persecution, the preaching of the gospel went world wide. The Jewish nation had lost it’s chance to accept their Messiah and will not get that chance again till the end of the tribulation period.
Stephen’s death was pivotal:
a. Final trial of the nation at the capitol.
b. Official Jewish rejection of the kingdom.
c. Outward movement of evangelism.
d. Now worship to be anywhere.

          When They Heard:
“This”                              “These Things
2:37                                7:54
They Were:  
Pricked In Their             Cut To The
Heart                                Heart
Receive                           Reject
Convicted                       Hardened
Saved                             Condemned
2:41                                 7:57

The message was  the same. The response was what was different. The same sun that will melt a dish of butter will harden a dish of clay.

Acts 08

v.1-4. At that time.  Or beginning that day. This was all zealous Saul needed, the ice was broken and merciless persecution exploded over the area. He probably thought he was doing God service, was vengeful for Stephen’s quiet submission and faith, but this same scene recurring in his mind may be what softened him up for later conversion on road to Damascus. Perhaps Stephen’s life was the price of Paul’s soul. (Were the lives of the three missionaries held in Columbia about six years the price of the souls of some of the rebels?)v3. Havoc.  As Sherman’s march to the sea. Lit., a wild boar in a vineyard. Apostles, because of prestige were probably not harmed at first and felt they should stay to keep the nucleus church intact. As in the Congo in the 50’s, for most it was wise to leave a few years and serve the Lord elsewhere than be killed. 4 or 5 years had passed without spreading. The Lord used this to scatter the witnesses.

v5. Philip is possibly a Greek name meaning “lover of horses”, but it reveals nothing of his background. He is taking Stephen’s place. None are indispensable. Remember, this is Philip the evangelist, not Philip the Apostle. (See Acts 21:8). Also, the Apostles continued around Jerusalem, Acts 8:1. Samaria.  Hated mixed race, center of idolatry for 200 years before captivity, divisive temple in Mt. Ebal, opposed rebuilding temple in Jerusalem, Ezra 4. There was also a small number who worshiped in a truer way than in Judah.

v6-8. Christ’s command to go, Acts 1:8, is being carried out and it brought joy.

v9-11. But.  In contrast. Simon was using sorcery in opposition to miracles performed by apostles. Man, v 10, can not discern between acts of God and magic.

v12. His followers left and turned to God.

v13. It was expedient for him to “go along” too. His belief was like that of the devils that tremble, James 2:19. Head knowledge and accent , but not a heart experience. This can be said about Simon’s belief:
(1.) He believed Christianity was true. He was convinced of this by the miracles of Philip.
(2.) Many others were becoming Christians; and he went along with them. This is often the case in revivals of religion.
(3.) He was not saved, but it is clear, v 20,21, that he was willing to make use of Christianity to advance his own power, influence, and popularity--which often happens yet today for political and other reasons.
Contrast:
Simon                              Ethiopian Eunuch
Belief v23                             Faith v37               
Baptism v13                         Baptism v38
Bitterness v23                      Rejoicing v37
True faith led to rejoicing in the born again ones.

v14-17. Hostility toward Samaritans may have led to investigation of Philip’s, work (Like Jews said about Jesus - can anything good come out of Nazareth?), but it resulted in recognition by the Holy Spirit and apostles. The Apostles kept some watch over the scattered witnesses to encourage and make sure they stayed in the truth.
Each situation of laying on of hands is unique. In this case it may have been to  recognize that these people were part of the true Church.

v18,19. Show the superiority of the Holy Spirit compared to cults and demonology. Cults and false practices multiply faster than we can keep up with them, (Note: My Junior DVBS class drew 16 current symbols) So instead of trying to study and teach what is wrong with each of them, we must be diligent to teach what is right.

v20. Trying to purchase or turn spiritual functions into marketable commodities is called “Simony”. (”Buying or selling ecclesiastical preferment [As was common in old England] - traffic in anything sacred.” Webster's) Preachers scheming to get a certain church and people offering money to influence action are guilty of simony. Some make a large contribution and expect to get their own way.
Discuss: Simon’s example does not indicate failure of evangelists to teach correctly or the futility of trying. Not all men will be saved.

v21-24. Simon believed in the miracles but had not salvation faith, because he was in the “bond of iniquity”. He wanted to escape the consequences of this folly rather than get right with God. There are many legends about his later life. A sect called Simians worshiped him as a god and this lasted until third century. Mixture of paganism, Judaism and Christianity, the “Father of heresies”.

v25. The Apostles preached on their way back to Jerusalem.

v.26,27 Candace was not a proper name, but a title, such as Pharaoh Quick obedience of Philip for doubtful missions. This series of verses would indicate that God will send missionaries to those who are truly seeking. Begins to fulfill Ps. 87:4.

v28. As customary, the eunuch would have been reading aloud for his own benefit, and probably, with rhythm of the upper body and near singing tone of voice.

v29. Candace was title of Queen Mother who took care of secular business just as Pharaoh was title of Egyptian rulers. The queen’s son was supposedly a sun god and only looked after the religious aspects.

v30. Philip ran and initiated conversation. In witnessing, begin where the person is, not at our favorite points.

v31. Explanation of Scripture is not limited to churches and theologians, but many need some help in understanding. Read Rom. 10:13-17.

v 32-34. Isaiah spoke of Christ. Some Jews infer from Isa. 53:7,8 that there are two Messiah’s. One a suffering, one of glory.

v35. As teachers we should preach Christ in all lessons.

v 36,37. Belief is prerequisite for baptism.

v38,39. Substantiates baptism as immersion. The caravan would have carried enough water for sprinkling or pouring. Probably the whole caravan watched the baptism, and the whole court would know he was identified with the Christians. This Ethiopia was the Nubian land to the south of Egypt. History teaches that the gospel had a large following in Ethiopia following this, but the Bible was never translated into their language, and the church fell. As in Samaria, the gospel brought joy.

v40. Here he later became known as “Philip the evangelist” and had four daughters that prophesied, Acts 21:8,9. Azotus was about 10 miles north of Gaza. Philip preached his way back up to Caesarea.

Acts 09

 v1. And.  Some translations “But”, in contrast and opposition to work being done by Philip and others.

v2. Left no stone unturned. “Of this way” or “The Way”, Jn. 14:6. Not yet called Christians.

v3. Not a reflection or a natural phenomenon.

v4. Whenever a saint is persecuted it is really Christ who is persecuted.

v5. Lord can be translated “Sir”, but after such a supernatural event, he probably realizes a supreme being. Some think Saul was fighting conviction from the time of Stephen’s stoning and was taking it out on Christians. Anyone fighting conviction finds it difficult as their conscience resists as an ox under yoke fights the  goads of the driver, Acts 8:1,3. On the other hand, in 1 Tim. 1:13 Paul says the Lord showed mercy because he did it ignorantly in unbelief. In that sense, kicking the goads  would be the futility of persecuting the church.  

v6. Not now Lord as “Sir” or Supreme, but as Savior. Began walk a step at a time.

v7. They didn’t understand the voice (noise) they heard.

v8. Some may not consider Saul saved yet, but must admit he had come to the point where he realizes that in himself, he is helpless.

v9. Blindness sent from God. The fasting was his own response.

v10. This should always be our reply to God.

v11. By the third day Saul might have wondered if God would hear his prayer, but God was aware of these prayers and the answer was on the way. (Chorus, “I believe the answers on the way.......”).

v12-15. Caution was in order. Consider our own doubts a few years back, considering whether Stalin’s daughter had been converted or was a spy. Matt. 24:24.We may be chosen to bear his name next door.

v16. Beginning fulfillment of v6.

v17. By “Brother”, he considers Saul already saved in v6. As further proof of this, Paul received the Holy Spirit before he was baptized.

v18. Healing was immediate and obedience in baptism was immediate.

v19. Fellowship - Christians helping a babe in Christ.

v20. He had previously thought preaching Christ was blasphemy.

v21-25. He proved Jesus to be the Christ, but rather than accepting the proof, they tried to kill him.

v26. Same comment as v12-15 about  Ananias.

v27. Often helpful to take a stand supporting another saint.

v30-31. With removal of this highly controversial figure to a different area, the persecution came to a temporary halt, and the Lord gave this opportunity to the churches to become better established and developed.

v32-35. The attention now centers around Peter, who had doubtless kept busy, but now has more freedom.

v35. The purpose of miracles, “Turned to the Lord”. Compare v42. The result of Tabitha being raised from the dead, “many believed on the Lord.’’

v36. Dorcas “antelope” or ”gazelle”. Common name as compliment for girls.

v45. Lev. 11:40, “unclean” occupation & location repulsed but prepared Peter.

Acts 10

v1. Centurion. One in charge of 100 soldiers. Six of these or 600 in a regiment, band or cohort. Italian - All native Roman soldiers as bodyguard for the governor.

v2. An uncircumcised Gentile, proselyte to the Jewish faith. Religious and desired to serve the true God, but (See Rom. 10:13-15) he had to receive the Word first. Roman soldiers were ordinarily hated, but there was mutual respect after turning to their faith.

v3. Angel sent by God in response to real searching. Ninth hour, 3:00 PM.

v4. This is the only type of prayer from unsaved that God is interested in. He may answer some of their prayers, but this is the only one He promises to answer.

v5.  God provides a messenger for one truly searching.

v6. The angel appeared to him, but the message of salvation was committed to men. Simon was considered unclean by virtue of being Gentile “dog”. (Jesus called woman of Tyre dog, Mt. 15:26.) Also Simon’s occupation, around dead animals, made him unclean. The only reason a woman could divorce a man was if he had not told her he was a tanner, and Levirite marriage, Deut. 25:5,6, did not apply if her brother-in-law was a tanner. Tanners were by the sea side or other streams to carry away wastes, and because for odor reason a tanner had to be at least 150 feet outside the city limit.

v7,8. He lost no time following instructions.

v9. We too need a regular time and place for prayer. Results will happen. The housetop for them was a private place as well as better to look toward Jerusalem.

v10. Sixth hour - noon so he was hungry. Trance - a vision from the Lord. Though symbolic, Peter comes to realize God is making a change in dealing with mankind.

v11. Corners. In Greek, a term for the end of bandages. Luke, being a physician applies the term to the ends of the sheet, but it is still in the context that it was tied at the four corners to hold the animals.

12-15. Perhaps Peter had led Simon to the Lord. Peter was perhaps being prepared by his stay there, yet he still had an aversion to eating what was unclean.

v14. This is proof Cornelius, though devout and feared God, v2, was unsaved.

v15. “Common”. Unholy or undedicated. Cp. 1 Sam. 21:4, where the priest had no common bread. However the hallowed bread reserved for the priests could be dispensed for mercy to the hungry.

v16. Sometimes lessons are repeated for emphasis. Jesus told Peter he would deny him three times, Mt; 26:34,  asked three times if he loved Jesus, Jn. 32:15-17.

v17-20. Doesn’t understand it yet when interrupted, but was told to go anyway.

v21-23. Prompt obedience to command, v20, “get thee down” and “go”. Must have made the 30 miles in one day, but arrived after sunset making this four days, v 30.

v24. Like some missionaries concerned about others and seeking a place to minister. Then the joy of finding them open and receptive.

v25. Worshiped.  Undue reverence as if they came direct from God.

v26. This opposes “priest worship”. Cp. Herod, Acts 12:23.

v28,29  Peter reminds them of the prejudice, but God revealed to set it aside.

v30-33. Cornelius introduces his purpose of sending for him etc. Gospel goes to true seekers. See Acts 8:26-38.

v34. Important - “no respecter of persons”. Rom. 2:11 and 10:13.

v35. Accepted with him.  Better, acceptable for salvation.

v36-41. Stories concerning the Word from Jewish history as well as about Christ had probably reached them. Presentation as usual mentions the death and resurrection. He emphasizes being eye witness, even eating with Him after He arose.

v42. Commanded.  This lends authority to the message.

v43. The purpose of prophecy was to point to Christ and remission of sins through Him. Local prophesies merely building around the main theme.

v44. This verse marks a principal pivotal point of Scripture. Prior to this, Jews received the Holy Ghost by the laying on of hands, and, Acts 8:18, Simon tried to purchase this ability. But now, and even to a Gentile,  no apostolic mediation or other condition than simple faith in Christ was needed. Peter was still talking, hadn’t given an altar call, they were saved in their seats as people can be today in church or later in their cars or homes. They only need to have a heart belief in Christ.

v45. Peter was no doubt as surprised as the others to see the Holy Ghost poured out on them.

v46. Speaking in tongues proved to the others (Jews) that Gentiles had received the Holy Spirit, but that sign is no longer needed today.

v47. This in no wise indicates water was to be brought for sprinkling or pouring. The word still meant immersion, and it was not to be forbidden to Gentiles.

v48. Baptism was immediate. Note the follow up work.

Acts 11

v1-3. After Peter’s mountain top experience - opposition, this from fellow believers! Peter had eaten with Gentiles, cp Christ, Mt. 9:11. Some believers today criticize other denominations or evangelists who are having great results. However their biggest concern was that he had eaten with uncircumcised. Some in our country today want negroes saved, but don’t want them in their churches.

v4. But they did permit him explanation.

v5-17. The explanation.  Cp. chapter 10. “go ... nothing doubting”, This is eight years after the Holy Spirit had come in the upper room. Holy Spirit given at Pentecost, 2:4, in Samaria, 8:17, now here, This talking in tongues was a sign to the believing Jews, not Cornelius. See 10:44-46. v16,17. Peter was convinced. Be careful we don’t thwart the work of God.

v18. They both listened and accepted the explanation. From this point, for the most part, the gospel was freely preached to all, and God was glorified.

v19. Up to now the dispersed and persecuted took the word where they went, but primarily to the Jews. Luke now picks up the narrative those scattered at 8:4.

v  20-22. Saved Jews from Cyprus and Cyrene took the gospel, not to Hellenistic Greek Jews, but Gentile Greeks in this crossroads city of commerce. Perhaps even before Peter’s experience with Cornelius, these Gentiles were beginning to receive the gospel. At any rate, now word filters back about it, the Jewish Christians at Jerusalem are now better prepared, and instead of rebuking, they send Barnabas to investigate. Barnabas was from Cyprus, 4:36, and met many of his countrymen in Antioch. Antioch was 300 miles from Jerusalem and Cyrene 800, so they didn’t have the prejudice of Jerusalem Jews. This was a turning point of the Church.

v23. Some churches grow jealous of victories of another, but Barnabas was glad and pitched in to help and encourage in dedicated living.

v24. Barnabas’ qualifications and the results.

v25,26. Maybe 14 years after first meeting, Barnabas goes 100-150 mi. to seek a qualified helper, Saul, at Tarsus and a year was spent in follow up work. First use of the term “Christian”, 26:28; 1 Pet... 4:16. “One who belongs to Christ, or God’s Anointed One.” This was undoubtedly the name given by Gentiles, because other Jews would never use the term for their Messiah on these followers of the hated Nazarene.
Antioch was smaller only than Rome and Alexandria, 500,000 people. Cross road of commerce and immoral cult worship. Paul began 3 journeys here and ended 2.

v27. Prophets, common in the early church, shall fail. See 1 Cor. 13:18.

v29,30. Loving concern for the brethren. Principal of giving according to how one is able. Ways to share spiritual or temporal blessings:
Rom. 12:13 Distribute to saints, hospitality; 1 Cor. 9:11-14 Sow spiritual things so reap carnal things; 2 Cor. 8:1-4 Fellowship of ministering to the saints; Gal. 6:6 The taught share with the teacher; Gal. 6:10 Do good unto the household of faith; Phil. 4:15-18 Ye sent once and again unto my necessity; 2 Tim. 2:2 Teach so students can teach others; Heb. 13:16 To do good and share pleases God; 1 Pet. 4:9,10 Hospitality - minister one to another; 1 Jo. 3:17 Having goods and seeing a needy brother share!

   Acts 12

   v1-3       HEROD 1 or  HEROD THE GREAT    Restored the Temple --   Matt 2:2, Killed babies                                
“Herod” is not an individual but a family surname Herod Philip 1   Herod Philip 2   Aristobulus          Herod Archelaus   Herod Antipas                                                                                                                                                                       .        m. Herodias      The Tetrarch,    Killed by father          Feared by           The Tetrarch     
Dau. Salome    Best Herod      (Herod The Great)    Joseph, Mt. 2:22     improperly
                          m. Salome       m. Bernice 1: Son,      Cruel, killed       m. to Herodias
                                                     Herod Agrippa 2,        3000 Jews at       condemned
                                                     Killed James,               Passover              by John who                                         
                                                     Imprisoned Peter                                     he beheaded
                                                   Bernice 2 lived at times                             Trial of Jesus
                                                    immorally? with unmarried 
                                                     brother Herod Agrippa 2
 They examined Paul See Complete chart of Herods and their marriages in Unger’s Bible Dictionary. Their  lives were a constant mixture of evil rule, immorality, and intrigue.

v4. Herod was trying to curry favor with Jews. He desired praise of men rather than justice. Easter - Frequently so translated many times in earlier English versions, in KJV the other 28 times pascha is translated Passover. Unfortunate translation because Easter is of Saxon origin for Estera the goddess of spring. In her honor sacrifices were offered about Passover time each year. By the 8th century, Anglo-Saxons had adopted the name to designate the celebration of Christ’s resurrection.

v5. Persistent, prevailing prayer by the brethren (James 5;16) (Isa. 65:24 While ye are yet speaking, I will hear.) was their weapon against Herod.

v6. as in 1-4, 10, he was under heavy guard. He could sleep, Christ had promised him long life, John 21:18. Usual Roman night watch was four changed every four hours [four quaternions, v4] two soldiers inside and two sentinels outside the door. A prisoners right wrist was chained to the soldier’s left, or between two for security.

v7. When God acts, we must respond quickly.

v8. Obey quickly, but act with orderliness. Wood or leather sandals had a thong or latchet through which the heel and toe were slipped, then drawn tight at a hole in end.

v9. At this point, half awake, he assumes it a trance as the sheet let down, ch. 10.

v10. Part is supernatural, but the angel doesn’t do what Peter can do for himself.

v11. In the Old Testament the angel of the Lord was Christ. This may have been Peter’s guardian angel or some other, but now he knows it is real and the experience gives him confidence. Guardian angels may be involved, Gen. 48:16 and Mt. 18:10.

v12. These people probably prayed for James deliverance too,v2, but (Isa. 55:8 Gods ways are not our ways). The mother of John Mark, the writer of the Gospel, was dedicated to the Lord and may have been a well to do widow.

v13,14. Usually a thick iron ring knocker. The small door in the larger gate into the enclosed yard. Rhoda (Rose) a common Greek name, reminds of certain excitable today who might jump with glee but not open, even realizing prayer was answered.

v15,16. Not necessarily that they had prayed without faith, but they didn’t expect the answer in this time and manner.

v17. Peter hushes them as he still might be in jeopardy from any passing guard. James the apostle was slain, this is Jesus’ half brother, the church leader. Peter may have gone to Asia Minor at this time see  1 Pet. 1:1. Sometimes wise for missionaries to leave the field because of terrorists etc.

v.18,19. Even today, soldiers know it might be their life for an escapee. Again Isa. 55:18, God allowed the Philippian jailer to be saved spiritually and physically, while these lost their lives.

v.20. Herod and these people didn’t get along and they may have bribed Blastus to mediate for the mutual good.

v21,22. Josephus says this garment was entirely and wondrously made of silver, which shone with splendor in the sun. This greatly impressed people. Blasphemous response, even if just flattery. but Herod didn’t disclaim it. Don’t accept  praise due to others, and especially give credit to God. Cp. Barnabas and Saul, Acts 14:13-18.

v23. Josephus says Herod had intense internal pains and died five days later. A cruel queen of Cyrene reportedly was eaten of worms, and worms rose out of the body of Antiochus Epiphanies while he lived with the pain and stench, 2 Maccabees 9:9. But Herod was not punished for his cruelty, it was for not giving glory to God.

v24,25. The word grew under persecution and is now ready to be given in Asia Minor. The Word still grows under persecution as seen in China and other places. Here Barnabas takes Saul, later Paul takes Barnabas. Don’t strive to be top dog if another is better qualified and called of God.

Acts 13

In 12:24,25 Barnabas takes Saul. Later Paul takes Barnabas who accepts second position. See 13:13.

v1.  Antioch, birth place of foreign missions and third largest city of the Roman empire of that day.  Teachers included Niger, who either had black hair or was one of the first black men of the early church. Lightfoot thinks Lucius may have been Luke, the writer of Acts. While Manaen was apparently educated with Herod, their lives took altogether different turns. Like Moses, Manaen preferred life with God’s people than the luxuries of court life with Herod. See 12:1 on Herods.

v2. The Holy Spirit acted in response to their dedication in fasting.

v3. Laying on of hands showed the blessing of both the Church and the Lord.

v4. The church should recognize it is actually the Holy Spirit calling and sending. Seleucia, 5 miles up river from the Mediterranean, was the seaport for Antioch, 16 miles inland. Cyprus is 148 by 15 or 20 miles, with Salamis on the east coast 130 miles southwest of Antioch.

v5. John Mark, cousin of Barnabas, Col. 4:10, was an assistant, maybe a “go fer”, maybe helped with new converts, baptism and follow up.

v6. Preached their way to Paphos on west end. A cult center for the polluted worship of Aphrodite. Sorcerer, Greek “magos” identical to word for honorable wise men of Mt. 2:1 with their astrology superstitions, or a fraudulent wizard as here. Bar-jesus (son of Jesus or Joshua, a common name) (Elymas, possibly Jewish name for sorcerer) was a Jewish demonized occultist.

v7. The deputy or proconsul, was a governor appointed by the Roman senate, whereas procurators were appointed by the emperor.

v8. Cults are still trying to persuade new converts from the faith.

v9. Transition of Saul to Paul, first in v 13.. It was common for a ruler to give his name to someone as an honor. Vespasian gave his name Flavius to Josephus. Possibly Sergius Paulus gave Saul his last name to honor the great victory wrought over Satan in that conversion. Some out of Israel gave a Greek name and a Jewish name to a boy. Paul may have already been Saul’s Greek name which means “little”. He may have been small of stature, but he considered himself little before God and chief of sinners. Most likely, Saul was called by his Roman name Paul after his conversion and he kept that as he began working considerably with Gentiles.

v10-12. After chiding Jewish Elymas for being a child of the devil instead of child of a savior, Paul blinds him by the power of the Lord, causing the Gentile deputy, Sergius Paulus, to believe. This pictures the comparison of Israel being blind and Gentiles seeing.

v13. 180 miles across the water to Perga, where Artemis, the nature goddess was worshiped. Did Mark resent being a “go fer”? And Paul taking leadership that had been his cousin’s? Or the obstacles too much, Perga being noted for malaria and having to pass 100 miles through robber infested land? or homesick for his mother’s large home? At any rate he is a quitter at this point.

Paul is invited to preach his first recorded message at Antioch in Pisidia (13:14-50) Much like Stephen's in its historical retrospect. Paul stands to preach, the custom was for the rabbi teacher to sit, He discusses the following. 1. the Exodus deliverance, 2. the wilderness wanderings, 3. the conquest of Canaan, 4. the rule of Saul and David. 5 the ministry of John the Baptist. 6. the crucifixion and resurrection of David's Seed, the Lord Jesus Christ . He than gave a invitation for those to be saved.

v14. 100 miles inland from Perga to Antioch of Pisidia, which was actually across the border in Phrygia, the important center for east-west traffic.

v15. The Law was read publicly till it was burned and forbidden by Antiochus Epiphanies, then they started reading from the Prophets. The group called Psalms (See content of divisions, Luke 24:44 comments.) though a part of their Scriptures, was for some unknown reason not read in the synagogues. The local ruler-elder of the synagogue { plural in larger places] had full control. The Great Sanhedrin determined his eligibility, but he was elected by the people. Customary to give guests and notables an opportunity to speak in synagogues.

v16. Paul tactfully accepts the opportunity, addressing Jews and devout, but as yet unsaved, Gentiles, .

v17-22. He recounts familiar history of Israel and prophecy of Messiah. The 450 years could contrive to mean the period of the judges. Also correct in original Greek to include 400 in Egypt, 40 in the desert under Moses and Joshua’s first 10 of victories.  The seven nations overthrown are listed in Deut. 7:1. Saul was killed in battle, but v 22 points out, “the Lord removed him”. David sinned, but he repented. Some break Paul’s messages into 1. Preparation for Messiah, 16-25; 2. Rejection, Crucifixion and Resurrection of Christ, 26-37; 3. Application and appeal, 38-41.

v23-29. He proceeds to proclaim Christ as the one who fulfills the prophecies, even to his unfair trial, death and burial. He cites John as the forerunner and the people and rulers at Jerusalem as being ignorant of Scripture in condemning Christ.

v30. Repeatedly Paul stresses the resurrection.

v31-37. He gives proof of resurrection and fulfillment of more prophecies. Paul quotes from Ps. 2:7 in v 33; Isa. 55:3 in v 34; and Ps. 16:10 in v35.

v38. Forgiveness of sins is through Christ.

v39. Justification is through Christ, which the law of Moses could not do.

v40,41. A warning plea for the people to believe.

v42. The Jews left, thinking it over, but the Gentiles wanted to hear more.

v43. After the service many Jews and Gentiles both were persuaded to believe.

v44,45. First only Gentiles who were proselyte Jews came, but now the whole city responded. This made hard core Jews jealous, so they contradicted and blasphemed (spoke abusively to) the things Paul said.

v46. This was the turning point in Paul’s ministry.  He and Barnabas had fulfilled their obligation of going to the Jew first, but as the Jews rejected, they frankly told them they were turning to the Gentiles. Jew first because: 1. The Old Testament  message and promises were Jewish. 2. Only after the Jews rejected could Paul devote himself to Gentiles. 3. The Jews must believe before the Kingdom can come.

v47-49. He cited prophecy of Isaiah 49:6 to back up his position. Being a light to the Gentiles referred to Israel, Isa. 49:3, to Jesus, Lk. 2:29-32, and to Paul. This brought rejoicing to the Gentiles and the Word spread all over the region. Ordained, v 48 properly implies, a present operation of Divine grace working faith in the hearers but does not deny that they were foreordained. The Jews rejected the grace that was offered.

v50. The Jews skillfully aroused the influential ones to condone persecution and expel Paul and Barnabas, not just from the city, but from their province.

v51. Shook dust off their feet as commanded Lk. 9:5; 10:11. When Jews left a Gentile country they shook off the dust of their feet to show their revulsion to them. This was a symbolic testimony against the city, and was done in the sight of city leaders at the gate.  Iconium was in province of Galatia.

v52. The disciples did not leave in defeat but in joy of what was accomplished through the Holy Spirit.
A thought on missions. 85% of church members and 95% of pastors and missionaries come through Sunday School.

Acts 14

v1,2. Iconium is 120 miles SE of Antioch of Pisidia. At Iconium Paul and Barnabas continue the policy of going to the synagogue to preach, and both Jews and Gentiles are saved. It is not stated the method the unbelieving Jews used to arouse the resentment of the Gentiles.

v3. Undaunted, the apostles spoke boldly and the Lord confirmed their message with signs and wonders. The Jews could deny the message but not the miracles.

v4. Jesus had warned that the preaching of the gospel would divide, Lk. 12:51-53.

v5-7. With certain injury and death from approaching Jews and Gentiles, it was wise to depart, so they just continued preaching in Lystra, ten miles south of Iconium.

v8-10. Probably no synagogue here so the Lord used the healing of this man, lame from birth (like unsaved who cannot help themselves), to get the attention of the people and afford opportunity to preach.

v11. In line with heathen beliefs that gods came down to man, tradition here was that Jupiter and Mercury had come down and visited Lycaon, so this province was named Lycaonia. They worshiped an idol to Jupiter at their city gate.

v12. Mercury was considered the messenger of the Gods and traveled with his Father, Jupiter. Thus these idolatrous people considered Mercury to be Paul, the speaker, and Jupiter to be Barnabas

v 13-15a.  Wreaths were woolen garlands, sometimes leaves or flowers, placed on the necks of the bulls to be sacrificed. Paul and Barnabas could not understand their dialect of the Greek, but when they saw what was happening, they showed their revulsion by tearing their clothes as they ran among them (Usually rips a few inches long along the neck line) crying out, in standard Greek, that they were just men also.

v 15b-17. Note the change of tactic in preaching to those who were not acquainted with the Scriptures. They had to tell them of the God of creation, the real God (not Jupiter as they thought) that provides rain, (nor as they thought, Mercurius) food and happiness. In our classes we need to lay a lot more ground work of who God is, what sin is and what God is doing about it for those who have never been in church than for those who have grown up with that knowledge. It is highly suspect if a child who has never heard anything about the Bible professes salvation after just a few minutes of teaching that has not covered those things. They may realize they need to be saved, but have no idea from what or to whom.

v18. Language difficulties may have been a factor, but the biggest hurdle was the extreme cultish superstition of the people. Paul did not mention Christ here. Their urgency was to make sure they were not worshiped as gods.

v19. Uncertain how long they were there before we see the extreme hatred of the Jews to come to this town to destroy Paul as well as the fickleness of the people who would have sacrificed to him and now stone him to the point of death. Obviously the instigation was by the Jews, because stoning was their method of execution.

v20. Perhaps this is what Paul refers to in 2 Cor. 12:1-4 as being caught up to the third heaven. At any rate, God brought about a miraculous recovery and the next day they were able to continue on to Derbe.

v21-22. There was no persecution in the more remote Derbe, so after an effective ministry there, they back track to do follow up work. The natural thing for Paul to do would have been to just go 160 miles farther east to his home town of Tarsus, but he felt a greater need to encourage the believers in the places he had been forced to leave so abruptly. There were some believers in each of these towns, so they were instructed in faithfulness and the knowledge that persecutions would come.

v23. Another purpose in returning was so the churches would not be left without leadership. In starting churches, the Apostles appointed elders. In organized churches the church appointed representatives, 2 Cor. 8:19.
We can be sure that  the elders were not simply new converts chosen on the basis of zeal and popularity or charisma as is too frequently done today. These would have been Jews who already had a great knowledge of Scripture, but with the new knowledge of the Savior added to it. How sad to see churches appoint teachers who are themselves novices, babes in Christ and needing to be taught first. Likewise some pastors are saved, go to Bible college and take a church, when they have never been consistently in home church services, in a youth meeting, camp or DVBS, and never sat in on a church business meeting. In other cases someone gets saved and immediately put on a deacon board or other responsible position (1 Tim. 3:6).

v24-26. Except for the Isle of Cyprus, they back track to their sending church at Antioch, having fulfilled their work as God allowed. They spent about a year on the mission field, then more than a year back in Antioch.

v27-28. The first time missionaries report back to the home church of the things accomplished. Do not fault missionaries if they do not see in their lifetime the results that Paul and Barnabas saw. We don’t see 3000 won in a day either. We are to faithfully sow, allowing God to give the increase. The crowning achievement here was that the door was now open to the Gentiles. Paul probably wrote Galatians soon after this and before the Jerusalem Council of Acts 15.

Acts 15

v1. These were basically saying, “You must become a proselyte Jew and observe the Law before you can become a Christian.

v2. Paul and Barnabas had seen so many saved otherwise, and realizing the schism this would cause in the church, took strong issue with them. The issue would arise again, so It was a wise determination to have the Jerusalem Council settle the matter once and for all. Other believers were sent as witnesses to corroborate Paul.

v3. The church was endorsing this journey, but they continued to proclaim the conversion of the Gentiles. This brought joy to the hearers, in contrast to Jonah’s grief that Gentiles too believed. (illus. An extremely wicked person of my acquaintance was reported to have been saved, to the chagrin of some Christians he had wronged.)

v4. These missionaries were welcomed by the home church and began their report.

v5. Apparently the report was interrupted by believing Pharisees in the church that also believed Gentiles had to become Jews before becoming Christians. Some today doubt your salvation unless you are in certain denominations.

v.6 This was serious enough to bring before the whole Jerusalem Council.

v7. Peter allowed much venting of opinion before reminding them of his testimony which was well known, how that God specifically used him to take the gospel to the Gentiles (Cornelius, 10-14 years before).

v8. It wasn’t just Peter’s opinion that they were saved, the issue was settled when God had showed his acceptance by giving the same obvious gift of the Spirit, talking in tongues, that he had given Jews.

v9. Entirely faith without works for all people.  (Baptism etc. do not save.)

v10,11. Keeping the law was considered a heavy burden and yoke of slavery that even the Jews could not keep entirely. It had not saved them. Those believing Jews too were saved by faith, not their previous circumcision.

v12. This was not a closed door meeting, the multitude of the congregation heard the discussion. Following Peter’s discourse, Paul and Barnabas continued their testimony in great detail to emphasize what God was doing with Gentiles.

v13. When they had finished their defense, opposition was silent. James was writer of that epistle and one of the half brothers of Jesus. He originally had not believed on him, John 7:5, but Jesus honored him with a special appearance, Acts 15:7. He is not the official but the respected head of the church, and summarizes.

v14. Symeon, Peter’s Hebrew name. First. Before Paul, God had used Peter to reach Gentiles, disregarding circumcision (Peter’s vision of what God had cleansed and the conversion of Cornelius). Believers of the Church Age are those called out.

v15-18. James refers to many prophets in Scripture to confirm this view, but quotes Amos 9:12  from the Greek OT, the Septuagint. See Schofield note on it. James is basically saying that in the Millennium, Christ will return and reestablish David’s rule over Israel with called out Gentiles present. The implication, Amos said nothing about Gentiles needing to be circumcised in the Millennium, so why in the Church Age?

v19,20. James sets forth a practical decision. They should not make it difficult for the Gentiles, but certain things of the ceremonial law were important to all on a moral basis. a. Eating foods offered to idols,especially by entering the banquet halls in the proximity to their immoral worship, was no way to live a life separated from the temptations of the world. b. Sexual impurity was such an accepted practice among the Gentiles that it must be condemned. c. Long before the giving of the law, God told Noah in Gen. 9:4 that meat without the blood drained was forbidden. This would include strangled animals, blood sausage* etc. *[Just for fun, or revulsion, a recipe for blood sausage:25 lb. Hog Cheeks, 20 lb. Hog snouts or lips, 15 lb. Back or Shoulder Fat
20 lb. Beef or Hog Blood, 20 lb. Pork rinds, 12 oz. Blood Sausage Seasoning 2 lb. Salt   After preliminary things to be done with this gross mess, it is stuffed into hog stomachs or beef or hog intestines and cooked. ] God wanted to impress man with the importance of the blood to life (consider how vital transfusions are today) and accordingly, God established capital punishment for the shedding of blood in murder. Even more important, this was to remind us that we have life through the shed blood of Christ who died in our place. These requirements did not constitute legalism. Legalism legislates holy living. Separation urges holy living.

v21. Every place there were Jews, they would justly be offended if those simple requirements were not met.

v22. The whole church concurred with the leaders in not only sending Paul and Barnabas, but two to represent both factions of the dispute, see v.27. Judas, possibly a brother of Joseph, 1:23, to represent the Hebrews and Silas (first mention) for the Hellenists. Had this issue not been settled, the church might have become just another sect of Judaism.

v23-29. The letter stated the Jerusalem decision, which was not man’s wisdom but Holy Spirit led, and Judas and Silas were to confirm it’s authenticity. For any who had reservations about Paul and Barnabas, they are commended for risking their lives to take the gospel to the Gentiles.

v30-35. The multitude in Antioch rejoiced in the content of the letter as well as the preaching of Judas and Silas. When they were dismissed to go back to Jerusalem,  (though verse 34 is not in the best manuscripts) Silas chose to stay, which was the Lord’s providence for him later going out with Paul.

This marks a change in narrative as Paul begins the second missionary journey.

v.36. Realizing they had left many babes in Christ in the churches, Paul recognizes the need for more follow up and instruction.

v.37. Mark had no doubt been a good help before he quit, and Cousin Barnabas was determined to take him along again.

v38. Paul had important work to do and didn’t feel he could be hampered by someone who might quit again when the going got rough.

v39. The older, slower going Barnabas could take the time to mentor Mark and took him back to his own home country where opposition would not hinder Mark’s development. Both men were correct and now there were two missionary teams.

v40. Silas, Roman Sylvanus, had ability and the maturity to stand by Paul in the coming persecutions, and they had the blessing of the congregation.

v41. With Barnabas gone to Cyprus, there was no need to go there, so Paul headed across country over a 3575’ altitude pass to the other young churches. 
For scanned map of second missionary journey see 1 Thess. notes.

Acts 16

v1. Probably a brief stop at Paul’s home town, Tarsus, then back tracking through the churches previously started. Paul may have led Timothy to the Lord on his first journey.

v2. Timothy had grown in the Lord as reported in both towns.

v3. After all the hassle over circumcision not being necessary, Paul requires it of Timothy. But it was not a question of circumcision for salvation. As they were taking the gospel to Jewish synagogues first, it just avoided unnecessary criticism and futile explanation why a Jewish mother’s son was not circumcised. (Jews would have considered both unclean and had nothing to do with them.) Paul’s policy, 1 Cor. 9:20- 22, And unto the Jews I became as a Jew, that I might gain the Jews etc.

v.4 To those already believers, he reported the Jerusalem decision.

v5. Simply grounded and growing.

v6-8. After they had worked their way northwest through Galatia and Phrygia it was logical to continue on west into the province of Asia, probably heading toward Ephesus. Forbidden in that they would have turned north into Bithynia, again by what method we don’t know, the Holy Spirit refused. Hastening past Mysia, they came to the seaport at Troas.

v9. This was a clear cut vision of direction, wouldn’t that be nice?  Our own strong inclinations may not be the leading of the Spirit. Consider four things: 1 The Word, 2 Circumstances, 3 Completely yield to Holy Spirit, 4 After all these, use the best judgment. (Wise counsel here.)

v10. Knowing God’s will demands prompt obedience. “We” indicates Luke had joined the other three by now, probably at Troas.

v11,12. Neapolis was the seaport town of Philippi, ten miles inland. Philippi was a Roman colony on the main road from Rome to Asia, so an ideal location to start the first church in Europe. The Lord even gave them a favorable wind to make the trip in one day, whereas returning it took five days, 20:6.

v13. This may be one of the Roman towns that was very unfavorable to the Jews. More likely they didn’t have the required ten Jewish males to have a synagogue, so on the Sabbath at least several women gathered a little over a mile west of town at the Gangites River to worship. Paul was happy to preach to these women, although as a Pharisee in the past he would have prayed “O God, I thank thee that I am neither Gentile, nor slave, nor woman”. For other instances of Jews gathered by rivers for spiritual purpose see Ps. 137:1; Ezekiel 1:1; Daniel 8:2 and 10:4.

v14. Thyatira was famous for it’s purple dye which comes from a vein in the neck of murex shellfish, and Lydia apparently brought her business with her to Philippi. Like Cornelius, she was devout Gentile and feared God, probably a proselyte Jew, but had to be shown how to be saved. Her interest was the result of the Holy Spirit working in her heart.

v15. She appears to be a well to do widow with a large enough house to house four guests. Her children and servants too were saved and all were baptized. She right away exercised Christian hospitality in taking in the missionaries.

v16-18. This demon possessed slave girl had been profitable to her masters by her power to divine, and she could tell these men were servants of God. It seems the demon was trying to hinder Paul with this daily harassment. While the words she shouted were true, association with demons would eventually hurt the ministry, so Paul finally cast the demon out in the name of Christ.

v19-21. They couldn’t have Paul condemned for their loss of profits, so they accused them of being troublesome lawbreakers. Rome allowed other religions so long as they didn’t proselyte Romans, so the leaders probably felt this was a Jewish sect and they were disobeying the law.

22-23. Those words and the action of the magistrates incited the crowd to willingly have Paul and Silas beaten with a rod and imprisoned. Luke a Gentile and Timothy, half Gentile were not beaten.

v23,24. This inner prison, a dungeon, has been discovered. It had only a door, was hot and had a miserable stench.  Also stocks, which varied in design, [two, four or five hole] were extremely uncomfortable, yet they sang and praised God in the night.

v25. Earthquake was tearing the prison apart, but added miracle released all the bands.

v27-29. The jailer assumed he would be tortured or executed in shame for letting the prisoners escape, and preferred death at his own hand. When Paul reassured him all were there, he felt that some supernatural power was connected with them. He had probably heard the message of the slave girl and maybe heard the night singing.

v30,31. The jailer already knew the prisoners were secure so he was not asking to be saved from the Roman government, but spiritually. That question and answer are the same today.

v32-34. The whole household individually believed and were baptized, not in a Baptist church, not in any church, just on their profession of faith. The only delay was to treat the prisoners wounds. Immediate show of hospitality then. A changed life for believers.

v35-39. Had the magistrates given them a fair trial they would have found out they were Romans and treated them more respectfully. Romans were to have fair trials and not be beaten or bound in stocks. How humiliated they must have been to bow to Paul’s demand that since he, a Roman, had been beaten publicly without a trial, they must come and personally escort him out of jail. They could not expel a Roman. Now their only recourse was to humbly ask them to leave. Paul surely wasn’t seeking personal vindication, but was attempting to make it less likely that new believers would be singled out for persecution.

v40. The apostles returned to Lydia’s house to report and comfort them, but public opinion being what it was, it was advisable to move on. From the use of “they”, Luke probably left the group at this point, possibly staying at Philippi. 

Acts 17

v1. Amphipolis was about 33 miles SW of Philippi and Apollonia another 28 miles. All these cities were on the main Roman road, but perhaps none of them had the required 10 men to have a synagogue. Paul may have also decided from previous experiences to leave some distance between the scene of the last persecution. No doubt he felt Spirit led that this city of 200,000 was an ideal place for a center of the gospel.

v2. Paul used the synagogue for his point of contact whenever possible. He tried to persuade from scriptures Jews would have known. Isa. 1:16, “let us reason together”. It would appear he was here less than a month, but he only preached in the synagogue three Sabbaths. Probably opposition caused him to go to the Gentiles, because he worked at tent making, 1 Thess 2:9, and Philippi sent offerings two times.

v3. He shows from scriptures the 1 death and 2 resurrection of the one he is proclaiming, 3 Jesus Christ their Messiah.

v4. A wide cross section of those hearing believed and cast in their lot with Paul and Silas. Many of the women and men were proselyte Jews to be in the synagogue. 1 Some believed 2 some didn’t 3 some became assaultive. 

v5. These rabble rousers hired by the Jews were accustomed to gather around the public rostrum and heckle or applaud according to what they were being paid to do. They were effective in stirring up mob action to capture Paul and Silas.

v6. Jason was a Jewish believer with a Greek name. The word translated rulers is politarches. The term is inscribed on the city arch, substantiating the scriptural account. They had heard reports of Paul’s ministry and problems in other places.

v7. The same accusation that was used against Christ, but the accusers in most cases knew Jesus was not a king trying to overthrow Caesar, and if that had been true, they would have to acknowledge he had risen from the dead.

v8. Any believing there was a rival king would certainly be troubled.

v9. They probably had to pay at least a deposit in order to be released with the promise the preachers would cause no more trouble.

v10. The safest course and again they go to a synagogue.

v11. They had open minds and searched scriptures to see if what Paul was saying was true. Good idea to check what preachers and teachers say today too.

v12. Honorable and chief women must indicate he was reaching some of the upper echelon of society.

v13. Berea would have been over 50 miles from Thessalonica, which shows the vindictiveness of those people to come so far to stir up the Bereans against Paul.

v14. With Paul having left by ship, Silas and Timothy would not be at risk and they could throw off the pursuers.

v15. Silas and Timothy would not have been followed in their hasty departure. Paul’s stay at Athens was short and he soon sent Timothy back to help the infant church at Thessalonica, 1 Thess. 3:1.

v16,17. When Paul saw the idolatry, he didn’t wait for the others but went right to the synagogue to preach. Next he went to the market place or wherever people would listen. Market places were artistically designed and a place for public assembly.

v18. Epicureans had given up the search for truth and given themselves over to present pleasure, sensual and otherwise. Their philosophy had become, “Eat and drink for tomorrow we die.” Stoics in contrast had a philosophy of stern self repression, relying on human self-sufficiency. They did not agree on their views of future life. Some thought Paul was just babbling with nothing important to say, while others thought a resurrected Jesus must just be another strange god.

v19-21. A hill 377 feet high where the city court met at the top. At times a criminal court, but main city fathers also had complete authority in both political and religious issues. The people of Athens considered it culturally enlightening to hear the newest ideas and evaluate the competence of visiting lecturers.

v22. Paul begins by commending them for their intense interest in religion.

v23-25. He had observed that among the objects of their devotion was an altar to the unknown god, in case they should have missed any. This was a wide open opportunity to proclaim the Lord of heaven, the creator of all things who had no need of human help.

v26. All men stem from one blood source, Adam, and God is in complete control.

v27. If any heathen seek and feel after the Lord, He will send them the Word so they can be saved. Missionaries tell of heathen people prepared to receive the gospel.

v28. Here and two other places Paul quotes from their own poets, which demonstrated the credibility of his intelligence.

v29,30. God had permitted the worship of these man made idols, “but now” having heard the truth, he will hold them to a greater measure of accountability in the coming day of judgment.

v31. Christ who was raised from the dead will be the judge, and this no doubt made an impression as they were then standing on the hill of judgment.

v32. The concept of resurrection was so foreign to the Greek view of life that some thought it ridiculous. Some, whether in sincerity of to ease their consciences offered to hear more about it. 1 Some mocked, 2 some wanted to hear more, 3 some believed.

v33,34. Paul could see there was no point in further preaching to this crowd, but there were a few who did truly believe. Dionysius was one of the Areopagite council, and according to tradition he was left in charge of the little group of believers when Paul left. We know nothing more of Damaris, but she must have been a prominent woman to have her name mentioned.

Acts 18

v1. Whereas Athens was noted for culture and learning, 50 miles away Corinth was a Greek city well known for idolatry and the accompanying immorality religion.

v2. Aquila was born in the most easterly province of Asia Minor but had apparently been in Italy quite a while as he was not using his Jewish name. There was considerable resentment against the Jews in Rome, and they were blamed for many things for rioting and other things of which they had nothing to do. Claudius was not really opposed to them but succumbed to political pressure and ordered them out about AD 49.

v3. All Jewish youths were taught a trade, and since Tarsus was famous for it’s goat hair, tent making was a likely trade for Paul. He now uses his out of need and so as not to be chargeable to others. It can not be known for sure if his new friends were already believers, they were simply fellow tent makers.
That seems logical, but a Jewish  preacher looks at this in a different way. A large shawl like garment worn by Jews was pulled up over their head at time of prayer, making a tabernacle or tent in which to worship. He thinks this garment was what Paul was making, placing tassels or ribband of blue on it as commanded, Num. 15:38. The “blue” could range to a deep purple, and that preacher contended Paul had obtained purple from Lydia for that purpose. Purple was the royal Roman color and they forbade Jews to use it, but they continued to use it on the tassels. They persisted and Rome killed large numbers of them, so they gave it up for a while. This purple was from a shellfish, and when Jews stopped using it, the shellfish disappeared. When the Jews returned to the land, the shellfish also returned in abundance. From Rude Awakening.

v4. Again the synagogue with Jews and proselytes as audience.

v5. After having sent Silas and Timothy back to Thessalonica from Athens, Paul has again sent for them to come help him in Corinth. According to 2 Cor. 11:9, they brought financial help from Macedonia so Paul could devote full time to ministry. The pressure or burden he felt is described in 1 Cor. 2:1-5 and 1 Thess. 3:1-10.

v6. Opposed themselves, ie. set themselves in battle array. Because of the opposition Paul shakes his apron with the same intent as shaking the dust from his feet. He leaves the synagogue to go directly to Gentiles. Compare Acts 13:46.

v7. He only had to go next door to continue preaching.

v8. Though some blasphemed, the chief ruler, Crispus believed. This was so noteworthy that Paul personally baptized him,1 Cor. 1:14.

v9-11. Paul probably expected violence for this, but on the contrary, God used it to reach many others. The context of his vision was 1 Don’t be afraid 2 Preach the gospel because (a) I am with thee (b) None will hurt you (c) There will be fruit  Encouraged by the vision, Paul stayed a total of 18 months. v12. In AD 51 Gallio was proconsul of the province of Achaia, so Paul arrived in AD 50.

v13. Probably over resentment that he was not having Gentiles circumcised.

v14-17. Rome did not allow any new religions to come in, but Gallio looked upon them as just a branch of Judaism, so spelled out his responsibility and expelled the Jews in disgust. Taking a cue from that, the anti Semitic Greeks grabbed the new Jewish leader, Sosthenes, and beat him. Gallio just ignored it. This could be  Sosthenes of 1 Cor. 1:1.

v18-21. Leaving Corinth and perhaps other churches in Achaia, Paul took Aquila and Priscilla as far as Ephesus. He had taken some type of vow, whether earlier at a time of testing or a 30 day one, but it was completed and he had his head shaved at the port of Cenchrea. He was in a hurry to get to Jerusalem for Passover, so only stayed briefly at Ephesus then sailed 500 miles to Caesarea.

v22. From the port at Caesarea he continued to Jerusalem and went back to the sending church at Antioch.

v23. The entire first phase of the third missionary journey is covered in this verse as Paul hurries back to Ephesus, a major seaport and trade route from Rome to East.

v24-26. Apollos was from Alexandria, the center of Greek learning, and named after the pagan deity Apollyon i.e. the sun.  He was a man versed in the OT and with a missionary zeal and boldness came to Corinth. He was still preaching John’s message, repent for the Kingdom of Heaven is at hand. Aquila and Priscilla were probably impressed by his oratory, but saw his need to know of the death, burial and resurrection of Christ and coming of the Holy Spirit. They were discreet in taking him to their home to inform him, and in the original Greek text, Priscilla’s name is first, apparently being more adept spiritually.

v27-28. A letter of recommendation was in order because of Apollos’ changed message. Beyond the message of John, with the gift of oratory God had given him, he now convinces others that Jesus was the Messiah, with the added understanding of justification through the blood and sanctification through the Spirit.

Acts 19

v1-7. These 12 men may have been from Apollos’ earlier teaching of John’s baptism. They readily accepted the doctrine concerning Christ and were baptized. In this transition period the Holy Spirit did not come upon them till Paul laid on hands. Now we are indwelled by the Holy Spirit when we are saved. Our salvation should be shown by our changed lives.

v8,9. As before, Paul preaches in the synagogue until opposition forces him to seek a new location. The lecture hall of Tyrannus was available to traveling teachers from 11 AM to 4 PM.

v10. In this two year period the gospel spread through all Asia, not necessarily to each individual. Several of the seven churches of Revelation were begun then.+++++ Acts 20:31 says three years, but this follows the Jewish manner of counting part of a unit of time as a whole. ( Third day = day after tomorrow)

v11,12. In India and some places where the gospel needs to be authenticated, there are miracles yet today. Some think this healing ministry continues here today. After I had a minor ailment a friend sent one of my handkerchiefs to a faith healer and returned it to me. Following this I was healed - after I went to the doctor.

v13,14. These seven Jews who traveled about exorcising demons through chants and magical arts tried the simple method of Paul, using the name of the Lord Jesus.

v15,16. Being unsaved, they were not able to call upon the name of Jesus and the demon became supernaturally strong and overpowered all seven.

v17,18. This frightening experience convinced and convicted both the unsaved and believers who had been involved in sorcery and spiritism. Some believers today need to lay aside their horoscopes and evil habits.

19,20. Fear and conviction was such that formulas and devices used in black and white magic worth over 200 man years of wages were destroyed, leaving a purified church.

21,22. Not the Holy Spirit but he probably influenced Paul’s spirit. In Paul’s own mind, long term plans were to visit and help the churches of Macedonia and Achaia before going back to Jerusalem and then on to Rome and even Spain, Romans 15:24. He needed to stay  in Asia longer so sent Timothy and Erastus on to prepare the way.

v23-27. So many people throughout all of Asia turning from sorcery and idols posed a financial threat to the makers of silver idols, many of which were worn about the neck. He pled the religious implication, but they were no doubt swayed more by the finances. Just as in our day we may have corrupt leaders, but if the economy is good and people are making money they will still vote for them.

v28,29. A typical mob scene ensued with the majority not even knowing what it was about, and these two helpers of Paul were manhandled into the 25,000 seat theater but unharmed. This  temple was the most magnificent in the ancient world. It was 425 by 220 feet wide, with 120 columns 60 feet high and 7 1/2 feet in diameter, thirty six of them ornamented with precious metals and stones. Only the chapel of the goddess part had a cedar roof.

v28,29. This open theater which seated 30,000 people was used for both entertainment and assembly, hence the people rushed there.

v30,31. Paul  was eager to share the danger and rush to defense of the gospel, but cool heads, including Asian leaders in charge at the temple, prevailed over zeal.

v32-34. Confusion reigned and the Jews got one of their more eloquent ones to make a defense that the Jews weren’t to blame for this. However, the anti Semitic mob shouted him down in praise of Diana.

v35-41. The town clerk was actually the chief executive officer of the city. He, in a matter of fact, pointed out that all Ephesians “knew” that great Diana was an image fallen from Jupiter, not and idol made with hands, so why be concerned about these men. [She was covered with too many shapes of beasts and monsters,symbols, and mystic figures to detail here.]  Second, they had broken no laws. Third there was a legal method for handling these matters, and finally this action could result in loosing some of the privileges allowed by Rome. Then he dismissed the subdued audience. Paul wrote 1 Corinthians as well as an earlier letter to them (See 1 Cor. 5:9) while at Ephesus.
A chalk board illustration could be a ladder starting with the first step Miracles, 19:11,12. Then Imitators v13,14; Their failure v15,16; Jesus Magnified v17; Believers confess v18,19; Revival v20: “No Small Stir” v21-40.  

Acts 20

v1. During the time at Ephesus Paul had ministered as far as Illyricum, present day Yugoslavia. He had wanted to cross to Macedonia, so following the uproar was an ideal time.

v2-5. After visiting the Macedonian churches he went down to Greece (southern Achaia and spent about 3 months in Corinth.  Becoming aware of a plot on his life at the port, he walked up through Macedonia instead  of sailing for Syria. Several loyal helpers preceded him to Troas, but apparently “us”, at least Luke was with him. These seven men were carrying funds from their churches to help the saints at Jerusalem.

v6. Paul had stayed behind to celebrate the Passover at Philippi. Note the difference in sailing time from the two days when the Lord hastened him to Macedonia. Probably had to wait a week at Troas for a ship.

v7-12. The first day of the week has already been established for the church to partake of the Lord’s Supper. The familiar story of Paul’s long preaching and the youth going to sleep and falling out the window. The many lamps with warm stuffiness contributed to the late hour. Luke the physician declared him dead, but Paul restored him in much the same manner as Elijah and Elisha, 1 Kings 17:21 and 2 Kings 4:34,35. He continued to preach till dawn then had the Lord’s supper. At some point they had also had a love feast.

v13-17. Probably after a rest Paul felt it would be physically and spiritually refreshing to take the shorter 6 -8 hour 20 mile walk alone. Boarding again at Asa the route is described to Miletus. The delay of stopping among so many friends at Ephesus might have made him late for the Pentecost at Jerusalem, so he just had the Ephesian elders come see him while the ship was in layover.

v18-21. First Paul gives them a review of his past three years in Ephesus., the troubles, his faithfulness in teaching and the consistency of preaching repentance and faith. Repentance is futile unless it is accompanied by faith. Notice he taught publicly and house to house.

v22-27. Second a description of the present situation. He has a real concern for what he will face, but his own spirit compels him to go. He is not being fool hardy as getting on the ship at Cenchrea would have been. Several with the gift of prophecy from the Holy Spirit have warned him, v23, of prison and hardships ahead. He is determined to finish the race, which he did, 2 Tim. 4:7, but because of warnings he is sure he will never see them as a group again. He stood the blood test of Ezekiel 3:17-21 because he had proclaimed all the counsel of God.

v28-35. Third the future responsibilities of the Ephesian elders. They are to be shepherds of the flock, the church, bought by Christ’s blood. They are to guard against apostasy from outside false teachers as well as some from within who would distort the truth or had joined only to be spies. (A time in a church we started where an old lady attended as a spy for opposition.) The danger at this church was so real he had constantly warned them with tears. (At this point draw a circle or square on chalkboard showing false teachers in one corner of it and wolves of persecution trying to get in.) They had no New Testament as we have. He commends them (1) to God (2) to the word of His grace. These will (1) Build you up (2) Give you an inheritance. He reminds them of his own example in working to support himself and others, and encourages them to also support the weak. In v. 35 the words of Jesus” It is more blessed to give than to receive” is not recorded but is alluded to in Luke 14:12-14.

v36-38. A blessed parting prayer, but how sorrowful the parting knowing it would be the last time they would meet on earth. They may have watched as long as they could see his form on the ship. We experience some of that when parting from elderly loved ones or dangerous situations, or pioneers going west. (invite a few  personal illustrations of parting.)   

Acts 21

v1-3. The route home described. Travelers just rode along on cargo ships, so they were dependent on when a ship had enough cargo to sail. This ship had been making stops each day, so Paul was happy to find (an express) one taking a direct route. A cargo ship with prevailing wind did not have to follow the coastline.

v4. More warnings from the Holy Spirit not to go to Jerusalem.

v5,6. Such great love and concern that the entire families came to see him off. It is a great experience to pray with missionaries at the airport before they departed,but he is heading home to sure trouble.

v7-9. The route further outlined, Tyre to Ptolemais to Caesarea. Philip, one of the Seven, had gone to Samaria, thence toward Gaza to meet the Ethiopian eunuch, and finally back to his home in Caesarea. He obviously had trained his family properly to have four daughters who prophesied. This may have meant they could occasionally foretell, it may have meant they simply taught in the church, but more likely, they did as in Ex 15:20, where Miriam led the women with timbrels and dances, or 1 Ch 25:1 where David separated some to prophesy with harps, with psalteries, and with cymbals.

V 10-12. With the Spirit’s warning and demonstration from the prophet Agabus that Paul would be bound, Luke and all the people tried to persuade Paul not to continue on. We tend to wonder if maybe he should have heeded their advice, but the warning was not that he should stay away, but that he would have trouble there. God used this bondage as a time for Paul to witness and write books in Rome.

v13. Their pleadings were a burden to Paul, but his zeal was not diminished.

v14. When decisions are made that we feel are wrong, we must commit it to God.

v15,16. At least Luke was with Paul, but other believers came along on the 65 mile walk to Jerusalem. Mnason may have been one of the charter members of the infant church. This is probably 8-10 years after the Judean Council of things to avoid.

v17-19. After a warm welcome Paul met with the church leaders and gave a full missionary report. It was probably at this time that he turned over the offering that he had carried from the churches.

v20,21. Though they rejoiced, the old issue of keeping the ceremonial law 28 years later is still hanging heavy. These thousands of Jewish believers are legalistic and believed the false accusation of some that Paul was teaching the Gentiles to ignore the Jewish teachings. He had simply taught them what the church had already decreed in what to do and not to do, he was not teaching against the Jewish customs.

v22-24. The leaders had already decided ahead of time that having Paul identified with those having a vow would show the people that he still kept the law. He could follow the custom of the rich paying for the sacrifice for the poorer brethren.

v25. They confirm that the position of the church on this has not changed.

v26. The topic of vows is a study in itself. These four, at the close of the Nazarite vow, were to bring gifts beyond their ability to pay. It had become common for wealthy to pay for the sacrifice offering of the poor. This included three sheep for every man. By purifying himself with them and paying it for them, Paul was showing his sympathy for those zealous of keeping the law.  Whether or not he succeeded, 23:1 says that he did not violate his own conscience. He would become a Jew to win the Jews, 1 Cor. 9:20.

v27-30. This might have been successful, but  the zealous unbelieving Jews from Asia were probably the same ones who had tried to kill Paul there. They kept up the accusation (1) He was against our people - he had gone to Gentiles (2) He was against the law - didn’t require circumcision (3) He was against the temple - he didn’t require Gentiles to do temple worship, and added another that he had brought Greeks into the temple contrary to their laws. (It was posted at the entry that Gentiles would be killed if they went beyond the Court of the Gentiles. The limitations were: Gentiles to the Court of the Gentiles, Jewish women to the Court of the women, Jewish males to the Court of Israel, Priests to the Priest’s Court, and only the high priest to the inner sanctuary.)Theirs was an untrue supposition, but mob rule took over and Paul was dragged out of the temple.

v31-33. They were beating him and would have killed him had not the Roman soldiers heard the uproar and rescued him. Romans in Tower of Antionio closely watched for trouble during feasts. After Paul was bound, the chief captain, who would have had at least 200 soldiers with him (1000 under his command), tried to get to the bottom of the problem.

v34-36. The enraged witnesses disagreed and were following like wolves with the taste of blood, so that the soldiers had to carry Paul to keep them away from him.

37,38. The captain was surprised to hear Paul speak Greek, supposing him to have been the Egyptian that had led 4000 men in an uprising in AD 54. (Josephus says 30,000 but he was totally wrong.) He escaped, but many Jews had been killed so the captain assumes they are seeking revenge on the troublemaker.

v39. Paul clarifies that he is a Jew with right to be in the temple, and had learned Greek in Tarsus, a city with a good reputation. With credential established he asks to speak to the people.

v40. When permission was granted, he stood on the stairs overlooking the crowd. They couldn’t get to him, so they decided to listen to what he had to say. 

Acts 22

v1,2. Addressing the mob as one of them and in their own tongue, which probably surprised them, eased the tension. Better for missionaries to use native language. Also  Christians need to use terms saved can understand or explain them. Paul was doing what 1 Pet. 3:15 says, be ready to give answer of the hope within. “Defense”, debate. or what theologians would term apologetics.

v3. Paul had probably been taught in a local synagogue at age 11-13.  Though from Tarsus, Paul had  later been taught, by one of their most noted teachers, Gamaliel, who Lightfoot says was the son of the Simon who took Jesus up in his arms in Lk. 2, was a strict Jew. Students sat at the feet of the teacher, either on the ground or on a lower bench. Under Gamaliel, Paul would have had to be able to quote the Torah (or at least the five books of Moses) word perfect by the age of 20. Paul began by stressing their common ground. He used tact, but not compromise.

v4,5. The high priest, though a different one Paul had worked for, would be able to testify to Paul’s former zeal in persecuting Christians because elders had sent the authorization. To this point Paul has spoken of his (a) conduct before conversion. In the following verses he tells his (b) conversion experience, and in verse 21, his (c) commission.

V 6-13. Paul recounts the experience on the road to Damascus and receiving his sight at the word of Ananias. (As Paul gives his testimony, this might be a good time to ask students to give their testimony.)  See comments Acts 9:1-18. Though a disciple, Ananias had been so devout that at this point he still had the respect of the Jews. Devout Jewish Christians including Paul still attended the feasts and followed other ceremonies. This was not wrong if they were recognizing the types fulfilled in Christ.

v14. This was not told us in Acts 9. It was revealed to Ananias to tell Paul that not only was Paul chosen of the Lord, but that in vision, if not reality, he would see and hear the Lord Jesus Christ, the Just One.

v15. It was further revealed that Paul would be an international missionary.

v16. If a person is truly born again they should be baptized as soon as possible. The water did not wash away his sins but was symbolic of the washing of regeneration by the Holy Spirit, Titus 3:5. (Notes (Ac. 9:17,18 Paul received Holy Spirit before baptism.)

v17,18. Up to now they are in full agreement with what Paul has said, but his next statement may have made some uneasy. This trance and warning was probably on the first time he came to Jerusalem after conversion.

v19,20. As a new believer he didn’t yet realize other Jews would be just as vehement against this “turncoat” as they were against other believers.

v21. In His wisdom the Lord knew Paul could never have an effective ministry in this center of Jewish worship. This was Paul’s first knowledge that he will be a missionary to Gentiles.

v22,23. The mere mention of going to Gentiles, placing them on equal footing with Jews, enraged these demonstrative Jews, who more than before desired his death. This confirms the Jews total rejection of the gospel and Christ. These people could tolerate Jewish Christians who kept the law, but to have spiritual fellowship with Gentiles would be pollution, according to their past teachings.

v24. The Roman captain had no qualms about beating the truth out of this Jew. This was the same type whip with embedded metal etc. which was used on Christ. Some even died from this cruel scourging.

v25,26. Paul was bound by leather thongs to a beam or pillar and was to be scourged that very moment. Hence Paul’s leading question.
Roman citizenship rights provided:
1 Exemption from degrading punishment
2 Right to fair trial
3 Right to a Roman court for capitol offense
4 Right to appeal to Caesar
It is proper to request legal rights. Legally a Roman citizen could not be bound for scourging  without a fair trial, so this one of many times that Paul claimed legal rights, and he got immediate response. If he was lying about his citizenship he could be executed.

v27-29. The captain was one who had exercised the privilege of purchasing Roman citizenship at a high price, but through his father, Paul was born a Roman. (Later citizenship could be purchased for next to nothing.) He and the others were fearful of repercussions if Paul would turn him in for violating his rights. Being bound was a direct fulfillment of the prophesy in Acts 21;11.

v30. Apparently Paul was left bound overnight till it was determined if he should be punished. This was partly for his own safety and partly so the captain could have this Jewish case examined before the Sanhedrin.  they were commanded to come to the area of the tower of Antonio, and a large number of soldiers would need to be present.

Acts 23

v1. Paul may have looked earnestly because of his eye trouble, he also was intense in his witness to them. The issue concerning Christ just would not go away. The Sanhedrin had earlier faced the claims of Jesus at his trial, Peter and John, the twelve, and Stephen. Paul had a clear conscience about preaching to the Gentiles.

v2. Josephus says Ananias was insolent, hot-tempered, profane and greedy so his illegal command to have Paul smitten was not out of character. Contrast him with the disciple Ananias who restored Paul’s sight.

v3. Jesus too was struck on the mouth for his answer to the high priest and contested it’s legality. Paul calls him a whited wall for his hypocrisy, Jesus called them whited sepulchers. God smote Ananias by the hand of an assassin during the Jewish war according to Josephus.

v4,5. The others stood up for the high priest and Paul seems to apologize for not having proper respect for the office regardless of the officer. If Ananias was not in ceremonial dress, Paul, coupled with poor eye sight, probably could not imagine a high priest acting like that.

v6-8. Realizing he could never get a fair hearing from those people, Paul, led by the Spirit, made a  smart political move to divide his fellow Pharisees from those Sadducees who did not believe in resurrection. Also his mention of a vision and angelic messenger went well with Pharisees but was totally objectionable to Sadducees. Some Pharisees had even become Christians. Paul was specifically thinking of the resurrection of Christ, without which we would have no hope.

v9,10. The Pharisees were willing to concede to Paul rather than cooperate with Sadducees and the contention was so sharp with each side pulling on Paul that the soldiers were again sent in to rescue him. (Like a worm being pulled by two birds.)

v11. Many times when things look bleak the Lord sends encouragement. He not only assures Paul of present safety, but promises his hope to go to Rome will be fulfilled. (Though not in the way Paul would have hoped.) For Paul’s first three visions see Acts 9;4-6; 16;9 and 18;9-10.
Paul may have felt:                              But God said:
Depressed                                           Be of good cheer
A failure                                              Thou hast testified in Jerusalem
Unable to carry out mission                Witness also at Rome

v12-15. It was a great rage against Paul to have 40 fanatical men bound with a curse that they will not eat and drink till he is dead. They even provided the scheme to make  his Roman protection vulnerable. After Paul had been taken from them, lawyers ordinarily would have released them from their oath.

v16-19. It was of God’s providence that Paul’s nephew heard of the scheme and after going through the chain of command he was able to tell his story. He may have been going to school and learned of it from fellow students.

v20. -22. The lad was able to tell the story in detail and was dismissed with caution to secrecy, probably for his own safety. He was obviously not an older person as some think, or the  kind captain would not have led him by the hand.

v23,24. The chief captain took it seriously and provided at least 473 men for safe transfer of Paul 9 o’clock at night that he might get a fair trial before Felix the governor.  Paul probably wasn’t used to riding and put in an uncomfortable 40 mile night ride. The 200 spear men were probably under direct command of the captain.

v25-30. The chief captain bends the truth because it was not till after Paul was rescued that he was told he was a Roman. Then he conveniently leaves out the matter of chaining a Roman citizen preparatory for flogging. Truthfully, belief in resurrection was no cause for death.

v31,33. The foot soldiers had a work out to jog that distance in one night. They had passed through an area with suitable cover for ambush. With Paul now at a safer distance and  terrain, they probably went back to Jerusalem much slower while Paul and the other riders continued about 27 miles to Caesarea, a total of 67 miles. Unger says 47 miles in straight line, some figure the total distance by roads up to 90 miles.

34,35 Tarsus was the capitol of Cilicia and the trial could have been held at either place. The governor there would not want to mess with such a small case and the Jews would be angry about having to go so far. Felix kept  Paul in confined n one of the buildings attached to the palace till the accusers could arrive from Jerusalem.  This was probably military custody in which he would have a chain going to a soldier. This was less severe than a dungeon and stocks, but not as free as house arrest.

Acts 24

v1. The high priest himself along with at  least some of the  Sanhedrin came prepared with one of the best orators of the area.

v2-4. With expertise Tertullus spends as much time pouring on the flattery as in his argument, while Felix was actually a vicious, selfish ruler.

v5,6. This is a trumped up charge intended to appeal to Roman authorities on three counts. 1. Rome would not allow trouble makers, 2. Rome did not allow new sects or cults, 3. Rome would allow Jews to kill Gentiles who entered the temple. Paul was not a seditionist and always honored the temple. Partly true, he was prominent among the Nazarenes, followers of Jesus, but not a sect. In Matt. 2:23 it is told that Jesus will be called a Nazarene (See Isa. 11:1 where the Messiah is a rod or “netzer” out of the stem of Jesse.) Paul would not be properly judged by their law, he was already condemned in their minds.

v7. He fails to mention that the force of soldiers were sent to rescue Paul from certain death.

v8,9. All the Jews agreed with Tertullus but the chief captain was not present to testify. However Felix already had his written statement and need not have waited.

v10. With a Jewess wife, v24, Felix had enough experiential knowledge of the Jewish system that Paul felt quite comfortable in making his defense.

v11-13. It would be incredible that Paul could have done everything they said in just twelve days. He knew they could not prove any of their false charges. Various explanations on passage of the twelve days include: Arrival in Jerusalem, complete the vows, 7 days; Day 8 before Sanhedrin; Day 9, conspiracy and it’s defeat; Day 10, Paul sent to Caesarea; Day 12, trial before Felix.

v14-16. Paul and the Jews believed the same concerning the true God and  resurrection, but he goes a step farther in believing all the O.T. Scriptures, some of which, concerning Christ, they were ignoring.

v17. Alms were the gifts he brought from the missionary churches.

v18,19. In 21:26 it tells of him purifying himself and paying for those who had a vow. None of the viewers were accusing him.

v20,21. Neither could these here testify of any wrong unless one considered the tumult that arose between the Sadducees and Pharisees about Paul’s belief in the resurrection. Since at that time the Sanhedrin had not found him guilty, there was really no basis for Tertullus’ arguments.

v22. As Paul had said, Felix had some knowledge of “that way”, the Christian beliefs which were an outgrowth of the Old Testament, not a cult. Probably to appease the Jews, he said he would postpone judgment till the chief captain came.

v23. Now Paul is simply under house arrest and can freely have visitors.

v24.  Felix had been a slave, but had a lucky appointment and married into royalty three times. He persuaded his third, Drusilla, to divorce her husband, king of Syria, and marry him when she was sixteen. She was a Jewess, so he had a real working knowledge about the Jewish faith and Christian activity. He may have felt both he and his wife would find Paul’s faith in Christ interesting as well as a supplement to his knowledge. Drusilla was still a teenager at this meeting with Paul.

v25. With this made to order chance to preach, Paul unloads the whole gospel. It leaves loose living Felix fearful of the wrath of God, but not yet ready for salvation.

v26. Felix seems to have shaken off conviction and thinks he can get a bribe from Paul and his friends, the way they stick together. Rebels yet are capturing missionaries in the hope that their rich American friends will pay a ransom.

v27. Money and politics. Since he couldn’t get a bribe, at least he had some favor of the Jews by keeping Paul under arrest, but still got fired over other Jewish complaints to Rome.

Acts 25

v1 Felix was dismissed for his cruel handling of a Jew - Gentile controversy, and Festus, desiring to do a good job, paid a visit to Jerusalem.

v2,3. After two years the high priest is still scheming to kill Paul, illegally, since they knew they couldn’t do it legally.

v4-5. Either Festus was suspicious or by the providence of the Lord he didn’t want to be bothered about it away from his own court room.

v6,7. The Jews made sure they were at Caesarea to bring serious complaints against Paul, but again they could prove none of them.

v8. In all three listed points, Paul was totally guiltless.

v9. That should have ended the matter, but again politics enters in and Festus tries to seek favor of the Jews who were already upset over a controversy started by Agrippa. Agrippa had built his palace so he could see all going on in the temple courtyard. This Gentile intrusion on sacred privacy angered the Jews and they built another wall blocking his view. Festus’ suggestion was a ridiculous opposite to change of venue, and would be the equivalent of throwing Paul to the lions.

v10,11. This was proper for Paul to demand his rights of fair Roman trial, and it was not disrespectful to remind Festus that he knew Paul had done no wrong. The current Caesar was Nero. Paul’s petition was basically to be heard by a Roman court, whether in Rome or locally, instead of a Jewish tribunal.

v12. Festus could have and should have dismissed the case, but that would have angered the Jews. After conferring with the council that Paul’s appeal was admissible. he played into God’s plan for Paul to go to Rome. Had Paul not appealed, this case, already two years old, could have hung on indefinitely.

v13 This Agrippa 2 was the son of the one who beheaded James and the great grandson of the Herod the Great, who slaughtered the Bethlehem babies. He did not marry but was said to be living incestuously with his full sister Bernice, whose husband -uncle had died.

v14-21. After several days of Agrippa visiting, Festus brings up the unusual case of Paul. He had supposed there was some serious crime and was perplexed all the fuss was over Jesus, who was dead, but whom Paul claimed was alive. Festus knew little about religion and cared less. Also told how Paul was being kept till he could be sent to Rome for trial. He was also aware that all the Herods were much more familiar with Jewish laws and customs. See Acts 12:1 notes.

v22. Agrippa had heard about Christians and the resurrection, was overcome with curiosity and wanted to hear Paul too.

v23. King Agrippa and Bernice were outfitted in their best and received a royal welcome. Five cohorts (1000 men each) were stationed there and their five commanders would have been some of those attending.

v24-27. Festus publicly informs the king that the Jews are calling for Paul’s life but he has obviously not done anything worthy of death. His desire is that Agrippa can figure out a proper charge to send along to Rome, under such circumstances.

Acts 26

v1. The king grants Paul the privilege of a hearing. It was customary for orators to stretch forth the right hand with the two lower fingers shut in the palm, with the other fingers extended. This was used to show the earnestness of the speaker and to call a group to attention.

v2,3. In his introduction Paul expressed gladness for this opportunity because he knew Agrippa was well versed in Jewish customs. He knew this would take time to tell.

v4,5. Paul states his godly background (Phil. 3:5,6) which enemies should have confirmed.

v6. Promises in Law, prophets and Psalms and declared by Christ, Lk. 24:44.

v7.  His mention of hope for the twelve tribes refutes some such as British-Israelism and their so called ten lost tribes of Israel. Israel’s hope would have to involve resurrection from the dead. Pharisees believed in resurrection but not Christ’s.

v8. Agrippa should have some acknowledgment of the belief in resurrection.

v9-12. He reviews how he had persecuted Christians. Acts 8:1; 9:1,2, and forced some of them to blaspheme, ie. recant their faith in Christ. The Apostle Paul was married at one time or he could not have cast a vote in the Sanhedrin as he did in V 10. The Greek for voice is also a pebble. Some take this to mean that when the vote was cast, he put in a black pebble instead of white to indicate he was voting for execution.

v13-18. He reviews his experience on the road to Damascus, Acts 9:3-7. Paul had performed the commission he was given by the chief priests and describes in more detail than when talking to the Jews. As those Gentiles, v18, needed light, so  today when one becomes saved they are turned from darkness to light. See John 3:19-21. (illus. of my unsaved friend who saw the message of “Light” on the church flannel board and said “That’s what I need is light”, and received Christ as his Savior.) Four purposes: Turn from darkness to light, from Satan to God, receive forgiveness of sins, and inheritance.

v19-21. He explains in a general overview how he has been obedient to the Lord in witnessing, and it is for his message that the Jews want to kill him.

v22,23. Paul states he is continuing in that, and the heart of his message is the death, burial and resurrection of Christ.

v24. With Festus’ Greek background he would have thought resurrection was impossible, so he shouted that Paul’s education had made him go off his rocker.

v25,26. Paul speaks respectfully to Festus as he declares his sanity, then turns to the king for confirmation because he had a greater awareness of both Jewish and Christian beliefs and activities.

v27. Even as Paul asks this question he knows the answer. The king believes these things and is yet unsaved.

v28,29. Being put on the spot, the king answers, whether sincerely or lightly with a question of his own. (The NIV has a better translation.) “Do you think that in such a short time you can persuade me to be a Christian?”  The king may not have been on the brink of salvation as KJV might imply.  Paul wished the king and all others could be like him in relationship to God, but not in prison chains.

v30,31. The discussion, if not conviction, is over and they now turn to business. The Pharisees, the chief captain Claudius Lysius, Festus, and now Agrippa and those with him all agree that Paul had done nothing that warranted death or imprisonment.

v32. It would seem they could have set him at liberty, but the legal system apparently required that if an appeal was made to Caesar, lower courts could neither condemn or release the subject. God is going to get Paul to Rome and he is going to be a witness all the way. As stated before, God warned him of coming bondage, but it was God’s will that through this Paul would witness to kings and others, high and low. 

Acts 27

v1. Julius with 100 soldiers were to deliver Paul and other prisoners to Rome.

v2. Adramyttium was SE across the sea from Thessalonica and was the ships home base. It was probably going to it’s sheltered home port for the winter so Lucius would have to go the rest of the way by land unless he found another ship going to Italy. Prevailing winds were from the west so ships could readily sail directly southeast under Cyprus, but it was much better going west to go north and west along the coastal route NE of Cyprus. Whether or not Aristarchus planned to go home to Thessalonica, he remained with Paul and stayed with him in Rome. “We”, apparently Luke was along.

v3. Julius was very generous to let Paul see his Sidonian friends, but surely he was under guard. (Working at the group home I occasionally transported confined youths to see their parents.)

v4-6. Things went as planned along the coast and at Myra they found a ship  from Alexandria carrying wheat from Egypt to Rome. This ship would have been under Roman authority. It could not have sailed against prevailing winds directly to Italy. From Myra they could follow  a  coastal route and  winter in an Italian port.

v7,8. After fighting the prevailing wind several days, from the area of Cnidus (Pronounced Nigh-dus) Island they were forced to head southwesterly and took a dangerous passage between Crete and Salmone. Thence they slowly passed about half way across the southern coast of the Island to the port of Fair Havens.

v9,10. The Day of Atonement, the tenth day of the seventh month, was in early October that year, past so it  was, dangerous sailing in those days. Ceased by early November. Possibly by vision but more likely by Godly wisdom and common sense, Paul warns against continuing the journey. He had been shipwrecked twice before.

v11-13. This was not a good port in which to winter, so they disregarded Paul and when they got a gentle south wind they thought they could easily follow west close to land to a much better port at Phoenicia The harbor was doubtless curved. Its entrance was in a southwest direction toward Libya. It then turned so as to lie in a direction towards the northwest. It was thus perfectly safe from the winds and heavy seas

v14-20. Suddenly the wind switched and a tempest called Euroclydon (From two words Euroc, “north” and  lydon, “east” or what we we would call a “northeaster”) from the northeast drove them away from Crete toward Cauda, 20 miles to the south west. They were driven without sails past the southeast of that island and pulled in their trailing skiff, small boat, which was probably filled with water [“came by, or secured the boat”]. They also put ropes and chains around the ship to keep it from breaking up, probably already leaking. Then they feared being driven into the quicksand off the coast of Egypt, so they struck sail and with the rudder at an angle they were able to drift westerly at one or two miles per hour.  With the complete cloud cover they could not tell for sure where they were going. The next day they threw out all the freight and wheat except enough to eat and to stabilize the ship. Paul helped as they discarded some of the equipment needed for loading and unloading and sailing. The continuing storm made the situation seem  hopeless. (I can sympathize as waves washed over our ship during a typhoon.)

v21-26. After days of fasting an angel appeared to Paul. He reminds them they should have listened to his advice before giving the good news that only the ship will be lost and they will be cast up on an island. God had promised to get Paul to Rome, and all the others are being protected somewhat as a courtesy to him.

v27,30. Probably roar of breakers gave warning of approaching land.  Anchors then were lighter and more were used and were usually at the stern. In better situations the anchors would have been carried a suitable distance in the skiff and dropped. After dropping some anchors the sailors pretended they were going to carry out other anchors, but  were trying to sneak away in a boat.

v31-38. By now they listen to Paul and prevent any chance of vital sailors leaving. Paul recommends the end of the fourteen day fast in order to have strength but he thanks God first. One hundred of the 276 were soldiers, so there was plenty of help to throw over the rest of the wheat.

v39-44. Better, “bands of the rudders”, one being on each rear quarter. By use of remaining sails and paddle rudders which had been tied up while the ship was at anchor, they attempted to run up a creek to get to land, but they ran aground and the ship began to fall apart in the turbulent area. The soldiers were afraid for their own lives if some of the prisoners might escape, but the centurion had gained too much respect for Paul to allow killing prisoners. As the Lord had told Paul, the ship was lost but they all escaped safely to the island.

Acts 28

v1-6. They escaped to the island of Melita, or Malta, 60 miles south of Sicily. The people were barbarian, at this date not rude and crude, but simply not knowing either the Jewish or the Greek language. They were of Phoenician background. They kindled a fire and Paul helped carry wood. When he was bitten by a venomous snake they thought he was a murderer, but when he didn’t die they thought he was  a god.

v7-10. A leader took Paul’s group in for three days and Paul healed his father of fever and dysentery, some think Malta fever. He healed many others, and in gratitude they supplied the whole group with necessities when they left.

v11. After three months, probably February or March, they were able to leave on another Alexandrian (grain) ship that had wintered there. The gods on the figurehead were supposed to be an omen of good luck to heathen mariners.

v12-16. The route is described to Syracuse on Sicily, then fetching a compass, or making a circuit following the coast, came to Regium on the toe of Italy. Next was Puteoli a, major port and grain receiving center 152 miles south of Rome where they disembarked and found other believers. Had the centurion gone on to Rome and left Paul under the watch of one of the soldiers or was the entire group detained in Puteoli on other business as a result of the shipwreck?  Otherwise the centurion was very generous to let them stay a week before continuing on foot to the market town Forum of Appius 43 miles from Rome and 10 miles farther on to Three Taverns (Inns).  They were met in both places by believers, from Rome.  Arriving at Rome, Paul was kept chained to one soldier in his own hired house, v30. The guard willingly or unwillingly heard much gospel teaching.

v17-20. Not having access to the synagogue, Paul called together the chief Jews to explain why it is he is a prisoner on trial. He declared four things: his innocence of violating Jewish customs, he was not worthy of death in the eyes of the Romans, he had been forced to appeal to Caesar, and it was not because of any accusation he wanted to bring against his people.

v21,22. They claimed to have heard nothing about his situation, but may have discreetly withheld some of their knowledge due to the supremacy of Rome in the entire matter. They had heard some about Christianity which they thought was a sect and was spoken against everywhere, but they wanted to hear more about it from a direct and active source.

v23,24. On a day appointed they came to Paul’s house and he spent the whole day explaining the O.T. prophecies about Jesus. This would have included the death and resurrection of Jesus and a future establishment of the Messianic Kingdom. Of course some believed or were beginning to believe, others not. This was the typical Jewish response even to Christ.

v25-29. He quoted from Isa. 6:9,10 how that the Jews as a whole would reject this truth so the Word of God would be given to Gentiles. This is the last time the focus of the gospel has been  turned to the Gentiles, and it will be so until the times of the Gentiles be fulfilled. The Gentiles not only surpass in the acceptance of the Gospel but in the proclamation of it also. As always, this challenge brought forth great dispute among the Jews.

v30,31. For two years Paul apparently was not brought to trial, probably because the Jews felt it was useless to pursue these charges in Rome, but people came to his house to hear him tell about Christ. He was under the care of the Roman government so no one rose up against him. Except for his chains, he had more liberty to preach the gospel without conflict than in most of his ministry. It was during this time that he wrote Ephesians, Colossians, Philemon and Philippians. It is speculated that Paul returned to the provinces of earlier missionary journeys and to Spain. Then probably returned to the Aegean area where he was taken as a prisoner to Rome and executed.
The steps toward the fulfillment of God’s promise to get Paul to Rome were:
ROME
Shipwreck
Injustice
Imprisonment
Arrest
Jewish Hatred  

It happens in about an hour’s time and if you attempted to put the puzzle of the four gospels together it would look something like this.

1. ) Jerusalem or Bethany or both being just a mile or two apart had two or more groups of women heading toward tomb.  This would have been around the first break of dawn.
2. ) At about the same time the angels rolled the stone away and neatly fold the shroud. Yes, Jesus had the power to move the stone, but you never had a king or king of kings severing himself.
3. ) Guards, who had been placed by the priest, frightened and dazed, fled to report to the priest.
4. ) As the women approached the tomb about sunrise. Mary Magdalene seeing the tomb empty, but failing to see the Angel or hear his announcement that Jesus had risen, because she was ahead of her group, (John 20:13, 15 ) turns and runs to tell Peter and John.
5. ) Hurrying away by another route, to tell the main group of disciples of what they had seen and heard from the angels when they drew near the tomb.
6. ) Peter and John reached the tomb by this time and entering it see the empty shroud. Upon departing John believing and with Peter wondering.
7. ) Meantime, Mary Magdalene following hard after Peter and John returns to the tomb. Mary was alone, weeping, and sees the angels.  And Jesus Himself appears to her.
8. ) Shortly thereafter, Jesus appears to the other women, not sure if they  were on their way to tell the disciples, or, as having told the disciples, were returning to the tomb.

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In the early 90's I started studing the bible by taking college courses, because I believe the Lord wanted me to become a pastor in a Nazarne Church. My goal has changed with all my studies. My wife and I have both joined the Catholic Church. I have read and compared numerous translations and commentaries in my many years of studying the bible. Some of these authorities disagree with each other. I come across information on studies and classes that I have taken 15 to 20 years before and I have no documentation of where it came from. Plus I have given away or returned many books for college classes that I have taken. So if I have failed to give someone the credit that is due them I ask for their forgiveness. The following is a list of translations and commentaries that I still have and use.

1. Apocrypha
2. Confessions of St Augustine
3. Divine Comedy of Dante (Henery Carytr)
4. King James Bible
5. LDS (Mormons)
6. Martin Luther
7. St John of the Cross
8. Budhist
9. Christian-King James
10. Hindu
11. Islam
12. Judaism
13. Sikh
14. Tao
15. Zoroastrian

OUR ETERNAL HOME by Richard W. Dehaan,
PROPHECY STUDY BIBLE by Tim Lahaye
READER'S DIGEST JESUS AND HIS TIMES by the Readers Digest Association Inc,
REFLECTING GOD STUDY BIBLE By Zondervan Corporation;
SAINT JOSEPH EDITION OF THE NEW AMERICAN BIBLE by Catholic Book Publishing Co.
SEVEN KEYS TO FAMILY POWER by Billy Joe Daugherty,
SIX HOURS ONE FRIDAY by Max Lacado,
THE AMPLIFIED BIBLE by the Zondervan Corporation;
THE BATTLE BELONGS TO THE LORD by Jocyce Meyer,
THE BIBLE PROMISE BOOK by Babbour Publishing Inc,
THE BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER by Charles Mortimer Guilbert
THE BOOK OF HOPE by Tyndale House Publishiers, Inc,
THE BORN AGAIN CATHOLIC by Albert H. Boudreau,
THE CASE FOR CHRIST by Lee Strobel,
THE CATHOLIC ANSWER BOOK by Peter MJ Stravinsiasi
THE COMPLETE BOOK OF BIBLE KNOWLEDGE by Mark D. Taylor;
THE DAY CHRIST DIED by Jim Bishop,
THE GREAT BIBLE QUESTION AND ANWERS BOOK by Playmore Inc
THE HOME BIBLE STUDY COURSE by Dr. Harold L. Wilmington;
THE KING JAMES BIBLE ARCHAIE WORDS DEFIND by David W. Daniel
THE KING JAMES BIBLE COMPANION by David W. Daniels;
THE KING JAMES STUDY BIBLE by Thomas Nelson Publishers,
THE LAYMAN’S BIBLE  DICTIONARY by George W. Knight and Rayburn W. Ray;
THE LAYMAN’S PARALLEL NEW TESTAMENT by Zondervan Bible Publisher
THE LAYMAN'S LIST by Calance Stucup
THE MESSAGE BIBLE by Eugone H. Peterson,
THE NEW AMERICAN BIBLE by World Catholic Press;
THE NEW AMERICAN BIBLE Saint Joseph Edition;
THE NEW STRONG’S EXHAUSTIVE CONCORDANCE OF THE BIBLE by James Strong LL. D S.T.D.;
THE RISKS AND REWARDS OF INTERRELIGIOUS DIALOGUE by Cardinal Francis Arinze
THE TRINITY by Rose Publish
THE VERY FIRST ESTER by Paul L. Maier,
THE WAY CATHOLIC LIVING BIBLE by Tyndale House Publishers;
UNCHRISTIAN by David Kennan and Gabe Lyon
UNDERSTANDING GOD’S LOVE by Ronald Greib
VINE’S EXPOSITORY DICTIONARY OF OLD AND NEW TESTAMENT WORDS By W. E. Vine;
WHAT’S SO SECRET ABOUT THE RAPTURRE? By Christian Record Services, INC
WHEN GOD WINKS AT YOU by Tomas Nelson
WILLMINGTON’S GUIDE TO THE BIBLE by Dr. H.L. Willmington,
WOMAN OF FAITH STUDY BIBLE by Zschech/Heillsong
YESTERDAY TODAY AND FOREVER by New Leaf Press
YOU WERE BORN FOR THIS by Anthony Wilhen

08/19/2011